chapter 14

Question 1

initiated by stimulus acting on sensory receptors

Answer 1

sensation

Question 2

awareness of changes in the internal and external environment

Answer 2

sensation

Question 3

what responds to stimuli by generating an AP- propagate along sensory nerves to spinal cord and brain

Answer 3

sensory receptors

Question 4

conscious awareness of those stimuli

Answer 4

perception

Question 5

determine how to respond

Answer 5

interpretatioin

Question 6

what results when brain interprets the AP’s in the cerebral cortex

Answer 6

perception

Question 7

how the brain receives information

Answer 7

senses

Question 8

2 sets of senses are

Answer 8

general and special

Question 9

somatic and visceral are in what set of sense

Answer 9

general

Question 10

receptors from skin, muscles, bones and joints

Answer 10

somatic

Question 11

internal organ info in thoracic and abdominal cavity

Answer 11

visceral

Question 12

examples of somatic senses

Answer 12

touch, pressure, proprioception, temperature, and pain

Question 13

smell taste, vision, hearing, and balance is what type of sense

Answer 13

special sense

Question 14

does all sensory info detected by sensory receptors result in perception

Answer 14

no

Question 15

some APs go to the brain area where they are not

Answer 15

perceived

Question 16

sent to cerbellum=

Answer 16

unconscious level

Question 17

some variable info is processed unconsciously in medulla (BP) vs taking up all activity is

Answer 17

homeostatic info

Question 18

cerebral cortex screens info and not perceive many APs=

Answer 18

selective awareness (attention worthy)

Question 19

awareness of all info at cerebral cortex

Answer 19

inability to function

Question 20

sensory receptors 3 criteria

Answer 20

1. types of stimulus they detect
2. location in the body
3. receptor structure

Question 21

excessive amount of stimulus=

Answer 21

pain

Question 22

respond to mechanical force= compress, bend, stretch cells, touch, pressure, proprioception, hearing and balance

Answer 22

mechanoreceptors

Question 23

respond to chemicals/ smell and taste

Answer 23

chemoreceptors

Question 24

sensitive to temp changes

Answer 24

thermoreceptors

Question 25

respond to light energy/ retina

Answer 25

photoreceptors

Question 26

respond to damaging stimuli; xs mechanical, chemical and thermal

Answer 26

nociceptors

Question 27

pain tolerance increases with

Answer 27

age

Question 28

associated with the skin and info regarding external environment

Answer 28

cutaneous receptor

Question 29

associated with viscera or organs/ BVs and info regarding internal environment

Answer 29

visceroreceptors

Question 30

associated with joints, tendons, ligaments and other CT and info regarding body position, movement and extent of stretch or force of muscular contractions

Answer 30

proprioreceptors

Question 31

how many general sensory receptors

Answer 31

8

Question 32

most common sensory receptor, simplest respond to pain, temp, itch, movement

Answer 32

free nerve endings

Question 33

cold receptors, warm receptors and pain receptors=

Answer 33

increase AP generation w drop or rise in temperature

Question 34

tactile, in stratum basale, light touch and superficial pressure

Answer 34

merkel disc

Question 35

light touch, very sensitive to bending of hair

Answer 35

hair follicle receptor

Question 36

complex, layers of tissue; deep pressure and vibration

Answer 36

pacinian corpuscle

Question 37

in dermal papillae: 2 point discrimination= able to detect 2 simultaneously stimulated areas as 2 distinct areas

Answer 37

meissner corpuscles

Question 38

dermis of skin, in fingers respond to pressure on skin and stretch, continuous touch/pressure

Answer 38

ruffini end organs

Question 39

in skeletal muscle, info regarding muscle length control and tone of posture muscles

Answer 39

muscle spindles

Question 40

proprioceptors by junction between muscle and tendon increase in tension (contract)

Answer 40

golgi tendon organs

Question 41

sensory receptors that conduct an AP in response to receptor producing a graded potential= receptor potential

Answer 41

primary receptors

Question 42

if reaches threshold, then axon produces AP and propagated- CNS general senses receptors

Answer 42

primary

Question 43

sensory receptors w no axons or short axon-like projection- receptor potentials

Answer 43

secondary

Question 44

generate receptor potenial threshold or AP taste seen with special senses of tase, hearing, and balance

Answer 44

secondary

Question 45

decreased sensitivity to continues stimulus

Answer 45

adaption

Question 46

w continues exposure to stimulus, the response of receptors/ sensory pathway ...... from ........ ....... application

Answer 46

decreased from initial stimulus

Question 47

despite stimulus being continually applied:

Answer 47

depolarization producing receptor potential adapts=returning it to resting level

Question 48

awareness, overtime APs decrease and awareness decreases, so not perceive presence of stimulus

Answer 48

initial stimulus

Question 49

adapt slowly, generate AP as long as stimulus is applied= sustained (merkel disc)

Answer 49

tonic

Question 50

adapt rapidly= very sensitive to change in stimuli (pacinian and meissner corpiscles)

Answer 50

phasic