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Human Structure and Function I > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

Integumentary System

1
Q

the integumentary system consists of

A

skin and accessory structures which are hair, glands, and nails

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2
Q

what are some functions of the integumentary system

A

protection, barrier, keep microorganisms out, sensation, temp regulation, vitamin d production, calcium homeostasis, excretion of waste

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3
Q

what are the layers of skin

A

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

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4
Q

what is in the epidermis

A

it is the upper layer, stratified squamous ET, avascular, keratin, and rapid cell division

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5
Q

what is in the dermis layer

A

lower layer, dense irregular CT, true skin, vascular, glands, elasticity decreased with age

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6
Q

what is in hypodermmis

A

subcutaneous tissue, loose CT, not skin

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7
Q

What are most of cells, sloughed off, mitosis. A keratin protein. Resists friction/ abrasion and water loss. A waterproofer

A

keratinocytes

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8
Q

What produces melanin pigment, contributes to skin color, protects from damange from UV light, tanning

A

melanocytes

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9
Q

what has stationary macrophages and helps with the immune system

A

Langerhans cells

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10
Q

specialized cells with nerve endings. light touch and surface pressure

A

merkel cells

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11
Q

what are the epidermal layers

A

stratum corneum, lucidum, granuloum, spinosum, basale

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12
Q

whats the superficial epidermal layer

A

stratum corneum

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13
Q

what epidermal. layer is granulated up to 5 layers

A

stratum granulosum

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14
Q

what epidermal layer has 8-10 layers and appears shiny

A

stratum spinosum

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15
Q

what epidermal layer is the thin clear zone, found in thick skin

A

stratum lucidum

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16
Q

what epidermal layer is the basement membrane

A

stratum basale

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17
Q

what is 5 layers and seen in areas of increased friction often seen on palms and soles and sometimes fingertips

A

thick skin

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18
Q

what is 4 layers, missing stratum lucidum. seen in the rest of the body and overall is flexible

A

thin skin

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19
Q

what two things affect thick and thin skin

A

callus and corn

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20
Q

what is it called when the stratum corneum increases in thickness, more layers for added protection where more mechanical stress

A

callus

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21
Q

what is it called when it is seen in bony prominence area. apex area deep in epidermis. pain due to pressure

A

corn

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22
Q

what is found in skin, hair, eye color

A

melanin

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23
Q

what protects DNA from UV damage

A

melanin

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24
Q

what removes free radicals and boosts antioxidants

A

melanin

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25
after melanocytes are produced, they are packaged into
vesicles called melanosomes
26
after the melanosomes, they move into what
cell processes of melanocytes
27
the tips of melanocyte cell processes are then what
phagocytized by keratinocytes
28
whats the amino acid that produces melanin
tyrosine
29
what color can pigments be
brown, black, yellow or red
30
the degree of melanin production is influenced by
light exposure and hormones
31
all humans are born with the same number of
melanocytes
32
what is eumelanin
brown and black skin, eyes, hair
33
what is pheomelanin
lips, nipples, pink parts of body
34
equal eu and pheo equals what
red hair
35
albino is a lack of
tyrosinase which does not produce melanin
36
what do albinos risk
vision loss and sun damage
37
yellow pigment in plants seen with increased consumption
carotene
38
what is a pinkish hue due to oxygenated pigment in RBCs which circulate through dermal capillaries
hemoglobin
39
lack of hemoglobin results in
pallor, stress, low BP, and anemia
40
what happens due to lack of oxygen
cyanosis
41
what increases due to sunburn, infectin, and allergic reactions. can also result in a heat flash
erythema
42
connective tissue and collagen fibers are most prevalent
dermis
43
what layer has fibroblasts, adipocytes, and macrophages also BV, nerve endings, hair follicles, glands, lymph vesses, and smooth muscle
dermis
44
what are the two layers of the dermis
papillary and reticular
45
what layer of the dermis is thin and have upper loose CT and Meissner's corpuscles and epidermal ridges
papillary
46
what layer of the dermis has deep, dense irregular CT and Pacinian Corpuscles, collagen and elastic
reticular
47
cleavage lines and stretch marks happen where
reticular
48
incision lines should go in what direction and why
parallel , so there is less gap/scar
49
what are stretch marks called
striae
50
what is responsible for grip and friction within the papillary layer
epidermal ridges
51
what responds to light touch
meissner's corpuscles
52
what responds to change/ variation in pressure
pacinian corpuscles
53
whats immediately below the skin
subcutaneous tissue
54
is subcutaneous tissue considered skin
no
55
deep to skin and is the area of attachment from skin to underlying bone and muscle
hypodermis
56
what provides skin with blood vessels and nerves
subcutaneous tissue
57
whats loose CT with collagen and elastic fibers and is an energy source but not the first choice
subcutaneous
58
is the amount of subcutaneous tissue variable
yes especially in females
59
3 types of injections
intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular
60
what provides local anesthetics, sensitive- allergy and TB skin test and done at a shallow angle
intradermal
61
what injection provides insulin, opioids, allergy meds and is a short needle
subcutaneous
62
what injection goes in the muscle at a 90 degree angle and is a long needle used for vaccine and rabies
intramuscular
63
what are flexible dead protein strands and is everywhere except palms, soles, lips, nipples, external genitalia, distal fingers and toes
hair (pili)
64
3 layers of hair
medulla, cortex, cuticle
65
what are goosebumps called
arrector pili
66
what are clear coated area on dorsal distal region of digits
nails
67
what aids in grasping small things, itching
nails
68
2 types of sweat glands
eccrine and apocrine
69
what gland is sweat that cools body
eccrine
70
what glad is in axillae and anogenital region
apocrine
71
what gland is responsible for oil onto hair and soften and lubricates skin
sebaceous
72
women, lactation gland
mammary
73
what gland produces earwax and acts as an insect repellant
ceruminous
74
what is tissue damage due to xs heat, electricity radiation or chemicals
burns
75
what happens during burns
lose body fluids, dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, renal shutdown and circulatory shock
76
what does the rule of 9's do
determine the amount of loss with 11 areas with parallel areas
77
entire head and neck is what percentage
4.5 and 4.5 so 9
78
entire right arm percentage
9
79
entire left arm percentage
9
80
entire trunk percentage
18 and 18 so 36
81
groin percentage
1
82
entire right leg percentage
18
83
entire left leg percentage
18
84
partial thickness burns would be
1st degree and 2nd degree
85
full thickness burns would be
3rd and 4th degree
86
what burn is only epidermis with local redness
1st
87
what burn is epidermis and upper dermis with red, pain, edema
2nd
88
what burn goes onto epidermis, dermis, and into hypothermis and has no pain and skin graft is necessary
3rd
89
what burn is very severe and deeper than subcutaneous and may require amputation
4th
90
rinse cold water until pain stops, pat dry, clean burn, ointment to keep moist and bandage is a treatment for what degree of burn
2nd
91
aloe, topical analgesics, NSAID, ice, and moisturizer is treatment for what degree of burn
1st
91
hospital, clean, debride, iv fluids, abx, silvadene cream, skin graft is treatment for what degree of burn
3rd
92
hospital, surgery or skin graft amputation and lengthy rehab is treatment for what degree of burns
4th
93
3 types of skin cancer
basal, squamous, and melanoma
94
what skin cancer is the least malignant and very common
BCC
95
what skin cancer is the stratum basale altered, and proliferates into dermis and hypodermis on face
BCC
96
what skin cancer is shiny and has a central ulcer with pearly edge and grows slow
bcc
97

Human Structure and Function I (28 decks)

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