Chapter 6

Question 1

what are four components for the skeletal system

Answer 1

bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments

Question 2

what are the functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 2

framework for the body
protection
allow movement
store minerals in bone
stores adipose in bone cavity
red bone marrow- hematopoiesis

Question 3

what do tendons attach

Answer 3

muscle to bones

Question 4

what do ligaments hold

Answer 4

bone together

Question 5

what are the three types of cartilage

Answer 5

hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

Question 6

what cartilage is from embryonic skeleton and makes bone

it is often at the end of bones to help with glide vs friction

has a glassy background and collagen

Answer 6

hyaline

Question 7

what type of cartilage has elastin, is flexible usually in external ear and epiglottis

Answer 7

elastic

Question 8

what cartilage has collagen fibers and is strong

usually found in pubic symphysis, knee meniscus, and in intervertebral discs

Answer 8

fibrocartilage

Question 9

what are two ways for cartilage growth

Answer 9

appositional and interstitial

Question 10

name for cartilage forming cells that secrete new matrix against external face of existing cartilage

Answer 10

appositional

Question 11

chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix and expand cartilage from within

Answer 11

interstitial

Question 12

reinforced concrete is called

Answer 12

bone matrix

Question 13

flexible strength is

Answer 13

collagen

Question 14

if collagen is lose than it is

Answer 14

brittle

Question 15

name bone cells

Answer 15

osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts

Question 16

ossification bone types are

Answer 16

woven and lamellar bone

Question 17

final bone types are

Answer 17

compact and spongy

Question 18

what bone cell build matrix

Answer 18

osteoblasts

Question 19

what lays down new bone on surface (appositional)

Answer 19

osteoblasts

Question 20

what maintains matrix, 90-95% bone cells and arise from osteoblasts

Answer 20

osteocytes

Question 21

what bone cell live long and up to 25 year

Answer 21

osteocytes

Question 22

what bone cell is found in lacunae and communicate via canaliculi

Answer 22

osteocyte

Question 23

what bone cell breakdown matrix (reabsorption)

Answer 23

osteoclasts

Question 24

what brings calcium into the blood and arise in the red bone marrow

Answer 24

osteoclasts

Question 25

where does ossification occur

Answer 25

as fetus, when we grow, and when we repair fracture

Question 26

what is formed first by osteoblasts and are weak due to random placement of collagen

Answer 26

woven bones

Question 27

woven is broken down by

Answer 27

osteoclasts

Question 28

what is formed by osteoblasts to build stronger, more permanent bone

Answer 28

lamellar bone

Question 29

what is arranged in concentric sheets/layers= lamellae have a parallel arrangement= strong

Answer 29

lamellar bone

Question 30

what appears porous, with more space consists of trabeculae= interconnected rods thin, found along mechanical stress lines

Answer 30

spongy bone

Question 31

what has more bone matrix dense, solid outer layer osteon/haversian system=unit concentric rings of lamellae

Answer 31

compact bone

Question 32

main shaft of a long bone is called

Answer 32

diaphysis

Question 33

what is composed of compact bone, medullary cavity in center

Answer 33

long bone

Question 34

what is the ends, mostly spongy bone of a long bone called

Answer 34

epiphysis

Question 35

what is covered in articular cartilage on a long bone

Answer 35

epiphysis

Question 36

what growth is complete what is it called

Answer 36

epiphyseal line

Question 37

red rise to blood cells in epiphyses

Answer 37

bone marrow

Question 38

layers of a long bone

Answer 38

periosteum, endosteum, sharpey's fiber

Question 39

outer surface, dense irregulat ct

Answer 39

periosteum

Question 40

inner surface, bone cells

Answer 40

endosteum

Question 41

attachment, strengthen area for ligament/ tendon

Answer 41

sharpey's fibers

Question 42

other bone types include

Answer 42

flat, short and irregular

Question 43

spongy bone sandwhich is

Answer 43

flat

Question 44

no diaphysis, small growth plates

Answer 44

short and irregular

Question 45

fetal ossification all derive from

Answer 45

mesenchymal ct

Question 46

fetal ossification

Answer 46

intramembraneous and endochondral

Question 48

what fetal ossification is at embryo at 8 weeks to 2y/o

Answer 48

intramembraneous

Question 48

what fetal ossification is in embryonic CT (fibrous) and flat (cranium)

Answer 48

intramembraneous

Question 49

hyaline cartilage and long is what fetal ossification

Answer 49

endochondral

Question 49

whats at the base of skull, mandible area, clavicle epiphyses, rest of skeleton

Answer 49

endochondral

Question 50

what fetal ossification is found in embryo at 8 weeks in some are and other areas start at 18-20 y/0

Answer 50

endochondral

Question 50

3 steps for intramembraneous ossification

Answer 50

1. osteoblast formation 2. spongy bone formation 3. compact bone formation

Question 51

where does intramembraneous ossification begin

Answer 51

ossification centers

Question 52

what is covered by membrane, bone fuse to cover. allows brain growth and complete about 22 months. anterior is largest

Answer 52

fontanels

Question 53

in ossification centers what is the oldest and whats the youngest

Answer 53

center and edges

Question 54

Mesenchymal cells- Osteochondral Progenitor Cells- Osteoblasts (Lay down Bone Matrix) & Become Osteocytes. Trabeculae of Woven Bone develop.

Answer 54

osteoblast formation

Question 55

Osteoblasts present on Trabeculae Surface, Cause it to become Larger and Longer. Trabeculae join together to form Spongy Bone

Answer 55

spongy bone formation

Question 56

Red bone marrow forms, as does Periosteum. Osteoblasts from Periosteum lay down bone matrix to form Compact Bone. Creates Bone with Outer compact bone & Spongy in Center. Spongy Sandwich.

Answer 56

compact bone formation

Question 57

endochondral ossification

Answer 57

1. cartilage model formation 2. bone collar formation 3. primary ossification center 4. secondary ossification center 5. adult bone

Question 58

Mesenchymal cells  Osteochondral Progenitor Cells  Chondroblasts  Chodrocytes Hyaline Cartilage Model.

Answer 58

cartilage model formation