Chapter 13 Flashcards
1
Q
what is a complex organ with 100 billion neurons and a trillion neuroglia
A
the brain
2
Q
what integrated information from the rest of the body
A
the brain
3
Q
4 brain divisions are
A
cerebrum
diencephalon
brain stem
cerebellum
4
Q
what brain division controls conscious thought, perception, memory, and emotion
A
cerebrum
5
Q
what brain division acts as relay, homeostasis and connects brainstem to cerebrum
A
diencephalon
6
Q
what brain division controls reflexes and connects cerebrum to spinal cord
A
brain stem
7
Q
what brain division controls muscle movement, balance- posterior inferior brain
A
cerebellum
8
Q
elevated ridges; increase surface area of the cortex in cerebrum
A
gyrus
9
Q
shallow depression, fissures= deeper grooves (separate large brain regions)
A
sulcus
10
Q
between frontal and parietal
A
central sulcus
11
Q
primary motor cortex
A
precentral gyrus
12
Q
primary motor cortex
A
precentral gyrus
13
Q
between parietal and occipital
A
parieto-occupital sulcus
14
Q
separates temporal from parietal and frontal
A
lateral sulcus
15
Q
what fissures are in the cerebrum
A
longitudinal and transverse
16
Q
sensory area in cerebrum
A
info in
17
Q
motor area of cerebrum
A
directed movement
18
Q
assign meaning to what hear, see, smell
A
association area
19
Q
how many cerebral lobes are there
A
5
20
Q
name the 5 cerebral lobes
A
frontal
pariteal
temporal
occipital
insula (deep)
21
Q
what does the frontal lobe do
A
voluntary motor function
aggression
mood
22
Q
what does the prefrontal cortex control
A
personality
decision making
23
Q
what does does the parietal do
A
receive and evaluates sensory info
24
Q
what does the temporal lobe control
A
smell, hearing, memory and learning
25
what does the occipital lobe do
receive and integrate visual input
26
what does the insula lobe do
receive and evaluate taste info
addictive behavior
OCD is connected
27
gray matter in the brain
cerebal cortex
28
pyramidal cells in cerebral cortex =
precise skeletal movements
29
white matter in the brain
cerebral medulla
30
tracts in the cerebal medulla=
connections between areas
31
3 fiber tracts of cerebal medulla are
association
commisural
projection
32
association=
same hemisphere
33
commissural=
connect 2 hemispheres (corpus callosum)
34
projection=
connect cerebrum to other parts of brain and spinal cord
35
the basal ganglia consists of
basal nuclei, caudate nucleus, and lentiform nucleus
36
what is in the lentiform nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus
37
what does the basal ganglia do
control motor functions
reward and reinforcement
addictive behavior and habits
receive input from cerebral cortex
attention, cognition, start stop movement
prevent unnecessary movement
38
cingulate gyrs, hippocampus, amygdala, subcortical nuclei, hypothalamus, and olfactory cortex are all in what system
limbic
39
the limbic system plays roles in
motivation, emotion response, learning, memory, ring around diecephalon
40
what does the hippocampus control
learning and memory
41
what does the amygdala control
asses danger, elicits fear, anger, and happy
42
4 compoenents of diencephalon
thalamus
epithalamus
subthalamus
hypothalamus
43
relay for sensory input= gateway to cerebral cortex
thalamus
44
pineal gland= sleep wake cycle
epithalamus
45
inferior to thalamus, control motor function
subthalamus
46
infundibulum to pituitary gland
maintains homeostasis
drives thirst, hunger, sex
control body temp
hypothalamus
47
3 components for the brainstem
pons, medulla, midbrain
48
corpora quadrigemina= superior and inferior colliculi
midbrain
49
what craniel nerves are in the midbrain
CNIII-IV
50
visual and auditory reflex on the brainstem
midbrain
51
sleep and respiratory center, breathing rhythms
pons
52
cranial nerves for pons
CNV-VII
53
vital reflexes: HR, RR, swallow, vomit, hiccup, cough, sneeze is what brainstem component
medulla
54
what cranial nerves are in the medulla
CN VIII-XII
55
what does reticular formation do
arousal, alert, aware. filters out repetitive stimuliar
56
arbor vitae in cerebellum is what
a branching tree
57
vermis of the cerebellum does what
divides lateral hemispheres into anterior and posterior lobes
58
is the cerebellum subconscious or conscious movement
subconscious
59
smooth, coordinated movement, posture, and balance is from what
cerebellum
60
ventricles are filled with? and lined by?
CSF
lined by ependymal cells
61
CSF is what
liquid shock absorber
62
how does CSF reduce head trauma
spreads force over a larger area
63
ventricles reduce brain weight by
97%
64
where is the choroid plexus
3rd and 4th ventricle
65
CSF is through the
central canal of spinal cord
66
the blood brain barrier is highly
selective membrane that only allows certain molecules to pass from blood to neuron
67
does the blood brain barrier keep the brain stable
yes
68
tight junctions regulate
movement; nutrients in and not waste
69
the blood brain barrier is not found in vomitting center but in the
hypothalamus
70
the blood brain barrier has difficulty keeping out
virsuses, bacteria, and therapeautic drugs
71
the blood brain barrier is ineffective against
fats,, oxygen, CO2, nicotine, and alc
72
whats the leading cause of accidental death in north ameria
tbi
73
open head injury means
cranial contents= exposed to the outside
74
open head injuries would be from
gun shot, shrapnel, knife
75
closed head injury means
cranial contents remain intact
76
is open or closed head injuries more common
closed
77
closed head injuries could be from
MVA, sports, blasts
78
immediate, transient impairment of brain function
concussion
79
concussion is trauma from
head and neck
80
S&S for concusssion
loss of consciousness or blurred vision, dizzy, confusion
81
multiple concussions lead to a
cumulative effect and elevated risk for long-term brain damage and dementia
82
serious concussion results in
brain bruise and permanent neurological damage or contusioin
83
contusion to brain stem results in
coma due to RAS injury
84
types of head injuries
coup and countercoup
85
coup is a
localized injury at site of blow
86
countercoup is a
richochet off opposite side of the brain
87
Is coup or countercoup more common
countercoup
88
blast tbi symtpon
chronic, severe migraine-like headaches last months to years
89
risk of subdural or subarachnoid hemorrhage
death
90
what happens to Bvs in subdural or subarachnoid hemorrhage
they rupture into space
91
S&S for blast tbi or subdural or subarachnoid hemorrhage
lucid deteriorates neurologically
blood accumulates to increase ICP
92
for subdural and subarachnoid hemorrhage what should you do wit the hematome
remove surgically and repair damage vessels
93
risk of cerebral edema is
death
94
diagnosis for tbi
neurological exam
CT scan
MRI
neuropsychological test
95
treatment for tbi
mild=stop play rest
rest
OTC pain relievers for headache
monitor
limit cognitive activity
diuretics- reduce fluid buildup in the brain
96
severe treatment for tbi
stabilize to prevent death
hospital
medication
surgery
rehab
97
tbi may decrease life expectancy for
9 years
98
CNI is what brain division
cerebrum
99
CNII is what brain division
diencephalon
100
CNIII-X, XII is what brain division
brain stem
101
CN XI is what brain division
spinal cord
102
inflammation. excrutiting pain stab few seconds to minute. may occur 100s of times per day. sensory stimulus sets it off. arterial loop presses on v nerve
trigeminal neuroglia
103
meds for trigeminal neuroglia
anticonvulsant and gabapentin
104
gamma knife surgery
move or destroy nerve= loss of sensation
105
facial muscle paralysis with partial loss of taste sensation
bells palsy
106
due to inflammation of facial nerve=
hereps simplex1 viral infection rapidly occurs
107
symptoms of bells palsy
ptosis lower eyelid, corner mouth drops
tear leakage (eye not closed completely)
108
risk factor for bells palsy
vitamin c defiency
109
treatment for bells palsy
corticosteroids
PT
antiviral
artificial tears
110
70% recover from bells palsy within a
few weeks up or up to six months
