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Human Structure and Function I > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

chapter 10

1
Q

muscle pull never

A

push

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2
Q

do muscles lengthen

A

no they shorten with contraction

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3
Q

muscle anchors to bone=

A

at least 2 points of attachment

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4
Q

fixed end, usually most stationary/ proximal end of muscle

A

origin

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5
Q

more movable end, usually distal end of muscle

A

insertion

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6
Q

with contraction muscles shorten, insertion end moves towards

A

origin end

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7
Q

can action be counteracted by another group and is so what

A

typically on opposite portion of limb or trunk

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8
Q

muscles fall into different categories depending on movement of the

A

movement

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9
Q

prime movers, major force for movement. flexion action

A

agonists

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10
Q

example of an agonist

A

biceps brachii

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11
Q

oppose movement, counteracts agonist. extension. prevent hyperextension

A

antogonist

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12
Q

example of antagonists

A

triceps brachi

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13
Q

aid agonists in promoting same movement. reducing undesireable/ unnessary movements

A

syngergists

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14
Q

two examples of synergists

A

brachialis and brachioradialis

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15
Q

helps maintain upright posture, stabilizers. stabilizes origin area while insertion is moving

A

fixator muscles

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16
Q

Fascicles in circle around opening, Act as Sphincters to close

A

circular

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17
Q

example of circular muscle shape

A

orbicularis oculi

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18
Q

Fascicles converge, Wide area - Common tendon. Triangular shape.

A

convergent

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19
Q

example of convergent muscle shape

A

pectoralis major

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20
Q

fasiciles feathered to long axis. largest ROM

A

parallel

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21
Q

example of parallel muscle shape

A

rectus abdominus

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22
Q

fasicicles feathered from common tendon

A

pennate

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23
Q

3 classes of pennate

A

uni and multipennate, bipennate

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24
Q

1 side of tendon (semimembraneous)

A

unipennate

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25
2 sides (rectus femoris)
bipennate
26
multiple directions around central tendon (deltoid)
multipennate
27
fascicles run length of muscle, wide belly with tapered ends
fusiform
28
example of fusiform muscle shape
biceps brachii
29
Rigid bar that moves on fixed point (Fulcrum) when a Force (Effort) is applied to it Used to move a Resistance or LOAD. Moves xs weight OR Moves it Farther, Faster.
lever
30
fulcrum is the
joint
31
bones=
lever
32
effort/ force/ pull=
muscle contraction
33
bones and associated structure
load
34
mechanical advantage lever
e-f-l slower but more stable strength is priority
35
mechanical disadvantage lever
f-e-l more common in the bidy
36
what movers large load over small distance and has small amount of effort
mechanical advantage lever
37
what acts as a power lever ex jack for car
mechanical advantage lever
38
moved load quickly over large distance great amount of effort
mechanical disadvantage lever
39
what acts as a speed lever ex shovel, throw a baseball
mechanical disadvantage lever
40
3 lever classes
1st, 2nd, 3rd
41
1st class order
L-F-E
42
advantage of first class lever
strength
43
2nd class lever order
F-L-E
44
advantage of 2nd class lever
strength
45
3rd class lever order
F-E-L
46
advantage of 3rd lever class
speed, distance
47
what lever is uncommon in the body
2nd
48
example of first class lever movement
atlantooccipital joint (lift head)
49
example of second class lever movement
wheelbarrow, crowbar, stand on toes, open mandible, pushups
50
3rd class lever movements
shovel, tweezers, forceps, biceps flexion
51
most common lever class
3rd class
52
muscles for facial expression
epicranius corrugator supercilli orbicularis oculi orbicularis oris zygomaticus depressor anguli oris buccinator platysma
53
what muscle raises eye brows and wrinkle forehead
epicranius
54
what muscle puts eyebrows together and down
corrugator supercilli
55
what muscle blinnk and wink
oculi
56
what muscle kiss and purse lips
oris
57
smiling muscle
zygomaticus
58
frown muscle
depressor anguli oris
59
what muscle compress cheek and whistle
buccinator
60
what muscle shows horror, shaving, tenses neck
platysma
61
what muscle is used for closing the jaw
masseter/ temporalis
62
what muscle is used for compressing the cheek and chewing food
buccinator
63
all innervated by cranial nerve XII is the
tongue
64
name the glossus muscles
genioglossus, styloglossus, and hypoglossus
65
what muscle helps stick tongue our
genioglossus
66
what muscle is used for retraction and elevate the tongue
styloglossus
67
what muscle is used for depressing the tongue
hypoglossus
68
all innervated by cranial nerve V
mastication
69
what muscle is used for flexing and rotating the head and is innervated by CN XI
sternocleidomastoid
70
what muscle os used as a prime mover of back extension (ioliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)
erector spinae
71
what muscle is used for flex vertebral column laterally
quadratus lumborum
72
what muscles are used in breathing
diaphragm, external intercostals, interal intercostals
73
what muscle is used for inspiration
diaphragm
74
what muscle is used for synergist in inspiration
external intercostals
75
what muscle is used for forced expiration
internal intercostals
76
what are muscles in abdominal wall
rectus abdominus, external olbique, internak oblique, transverse abdominus
77
what do muscles in abdominal wall do
protect/ support abdominal viscera compresses contents. crunches lateral flexion, flex vertebrae innervated by intercostal nerve
78
muscles of the pelvic floor
pelvic diaphragm urogenital diaphragm
79
what nerve is innervated through the muscles of the pelvic floor
pudendal
80
what muscles are part of the pelvic diaphargm
levevator ani and coccygeus
81
what does the pelvic diaphragm do
support pelvic viscera
82
the pelvic diaphragm is pierced by
rectus, vagina, urethra
83
what muscle is part of the urogenital diaphargm
external urethral sphincter
84
what does the external urethral spincter do
control urination
85
muscles of thorax that moves scapula
serratus anterior trapezius
86
boxers muscle
serratus anterior
87
shrug shoulders
trapezius
88
muscles that move the humerus
pectoralis major deltoid latissimus dorsi
89
arm adduct
pectoralis major
90
antagonist, arm abduct
deltoid
91
arm adduct, swimming, rowing
latissimus dorsi
92
rotator cuff muscles
supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis
93
what do the rotator cuff muscles do
stabilize shoulder joint and prevent shoulder dislocation
94
muscle under scapula
supraspinatus
95
posterior muscles in rotator cuff
infraspinatus and teres minor
96
below the spine muscle in rotator cuff muscles
subscapularis
97
forearm movers
forearm flexor forearm extensor supination pronation
98
forearm flexors
biceps brachii brachialis brachioradialis
99
forearm extensors
triceps brachii
100
supination
supinator
101
pronation
pronator
102
synergists in forearm flexors
brachialis brachioradialis
103
thigh flexors include
ioliopsoas sartorius adductors tensor fascia latae quadriceps femoris
104
muscles part of the quadriceps femoris
rectus femoris vastus lateralis intermedius medialis
105
thigh extensors
gluteus maximus hamstrings
106
muscles in hamstrings
biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus
107
dorsiflexion muscles include
tibialis anterior extensor digitorum
108
tibialis anterior
walking on toes pointing
109
muscles that aid in dorsiflexion
extensor digitorum longus
110
muscles in plantar flexion
peroneus longus/ brevis triceps surae (gastrocnemius and soleus)

Human Structure and Function I (28 decks)

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