Chapter 3

Question 1

what are basic structural and functional unit of life

Answer 1

cells

Question 2

what separates internal and external environment and is an outer boundary

Answer 2

plasma membrane

Question 3

what is an area of connection to other cells and facilitates communication

Answer 3

plasma membrane

Question 4

nucleus is

Answer 4

typically in the center of the cell and control cellular activity

Question 5

what is an area between PM and nucleus, and contains organelles that person specific roles

Answer 5

the cytoplasm

Question 6

the phospholipid bilayer contains

Answer 6

cholesterol

Question 7

the phospholipid bilayer has what attached and embedded

Answer 7

proteins

Question 8

polar heads are

Answer 8

hydrophilic

Question 9

nonpolar tails are

Answer 9

hydrophobic

Question 10

do molecules need help to pass through this membrane

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

what is diffusion possible with

Answer 11

gases, steroids, and H2O

Question 12

large and polar molecules need

Answer 12

channel or transporters

Question 13

what does selectively permeable mean

Answer 13

allows some things through and not others

Question 14

what are two types of membrane proteins

Answer 14

integral and peripheral

Question 15

what is deep in the lipid bilayer

Answer 15

integral

Question 16

example of an integral protein is a

Answer 16

transmembrane protein

Question 17

integral proteins act as

Answer 17

transporters

Question 18

what channels are specialized transporters that help ions travel through

Answer 18

ion channels

Question 19

what attaches to inner and outer surface of lipid bilayer

Answer 19

peripheral

Question 20

are peripheral proteins apart of the membrane

Answer 20

no

Question 21

what is an example of peripheral proteins

Answer 21

glycoprotein

Question 22

passive transport

Answer 22

no input of energy

Question 23

active transport

Answer 23

requires input of energy

Question 24

vesicular transport

Answer 24

use vesicles to move things into and out of cell and requires the input of energy

Question 25

what kind of diffusion is simple diffusion

Answer 25

passive

Question 26

what moves from high to low concentration

Answer 26

simple diffusion

Question 27

what releases energy but energy input is not required

Answer 27

simple diffusion

Question 28

what is an example of simple diffusion in the body

Answer 28

O2 and CO2 diffusiing across alveoli in the lung

Question 29

what type of diffusion goes down the concentration gradient

Answer 29

osmosis

Question 30

flux of water in osmosis means

Answer 30

equal concentration on both sides

Question 31

hypotonic means having a lower or higher concentration

Answer 31

lower

Question 32

isotonic solution means

Answer 32

equal concentration inside and outside the cell

Question 33

hypertonic solution means

Answer 33

having a high solute concentration

Question 34

what is facilitated diffusion

Answer 34

carrier proteins move molecules down concentration gradient high to low

Question 35

is energy released of kept in facilitated diffusion

Answer 35

released

Question 36

example of facilitated diffusion

Answer 36

glucose transport insulin mediated

Question 37

3 examples of passive transport

Answer 37

simple diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion

Question 38

what is active transport

Answer 38

it needs input of energy and is ATP driven. it moves molecules up concentration gradient. move low to high

Question 39

what acts like a pump in active transport

Answer 39

transport protein carrier

Question 40

what are liquid particles taken in via invagination which is cell drinking

Answer 40

pinocytosis

Question 41

what are divisions of endocytosis

Answer 41

phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 42

what binds to receptors and uses vesicles to bring multiple particles in. bulk. required the input of energy

Answer 42

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 43

what is solid particles taken in cell eating

Answer 43

phagocytosis

Question 44

vesicular transport includes

Answer 44

endo and exocytosis

Question 45

exocytosis does what

Answer 45

moves molecules out of the cell

Question 46

secretory vesicles fusing with the PM and release contents and requires energy is an example of

Answer 46

exocytosis

Question 47

what is seen with neurotransmitter release, hormone release from endocrine and exocrine glands

Answer 47

exocytosis

Question 48

liquid content inside the cell in which organelles float within this are

Answer 48

cytoplasm

Question 49

the cytoplasm consists of

Answer 49

water, electrolytes, glucose, and amino acids

Question 50

what removes waste products and aids in cellular respiration and holds shape of cell

Answer 50

cytoplasms

Question 51

what provides structural support and generates movement

Answer 51

cytoskeleton

Question 52

what have tubulin, intracellular movement (centrosome), cell division, flagella, and cilia

Answer 52

microtubules

Question 53

what has actin and helps with movement and support

Answer 53

microfilaments

Question 54

what helps with strength

Answer 54

intermediate filaments

Question 55

what is surrounded by nuclear envelope, with nuclear pores that allows molecules to go from nucleus to cytoplasm and contains DNA

Answer 55

nucleus

Question 56

what is the site of protein synthesis and found on rough er

Answer 56

ribosomes

Question 57

what is close to the nucleus and there are two types

Answer 57

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 58

RER is studded with

Answer 58

ribosomes

Question 59

what helps with protein synthesis

Answer 59

rer

Question 60

what has steroid hormone synthesis and cell detox

Answer 60

ser

Question 61

what is the site or protein synthesis, flattened sacs, and packages proteins and acts as a distribution center

Answer 61

golgi apparatus

Question 62

what is the power house of the cell and provides ATP and has cristae infolding

Answer 62

mitochondria

Question 63

what pinches off golgi to cell membrane and exocytosis occurs

Answer 63

secretory vesicles

Question 64

what are suicide sacs and contain hydrolytic enzymes and digest phagocytized material and also digest dysfunctional organlles

Answer 64

lysosomes

Question 65

what contains enzymes that breakdown Fas and AAs and are often found in liver and kidney cells

Answer 65

peroxisomes

Question 66

what are hair seen on surface of cells that are capable of movement

Answer 66

cilia

Question 67

what are long projection, seen on sperm cells and allow movement for fertilization

Answer 67

flagella

Question 68

what is a projection on apical surface

Answer 68

microvilli

Question 69

what increases surface area

Answer 69

microvilli

Question 70

what is found on respiratory tract and female reproductive tract

Answer 70

cilia

Question 71

what is seen in the intestine, kidney, and absorption areas

Answer 71

microvilli

Question 72

what is fluid in the cytoplasm

Answer 72

intracellular fluid

Question 73

whats the largest fluid compartment

Answer 73

intracellular fluid

Question 74

what is 2/3 of our body

Answer 74

ICF

Question 75

what is fluid outside of the cells

Answer 75

extracellular fluid

Question 76

what percentage of ecf is IF

Answer 76

80

Question 77

what percentage of ecf makes up the plasma membrane

Answer 77

20

Question 78

what is important to regulate your body

Answer 78

fluid shifts

Question 79

during exercise how does the fluid shift

Answer 79

plasma to if

Question 80

when you stop exercising the fluid shifts fro,

Answer 80

if to plasma