Chapter 11 - The French Revolution

Question 1

Who were the Enlightenment writers from France?

Answer 1

Montesquieu, Voltaire and Rousseau. They began a new way of thinking that had inspired so many Americans to rise up in rebellion against British rule and fight and win their liberty.

Question 2

What was an absolute monarchy?

Answer 2

Where the King held all of the power. He was King because of the ancient belief in the Divine Right of Kings.

Question 3

What was the Ancien Régime?

Answer 3

An ancient way of government where the King, Clergy and Nobles held all the power. The normal people - farmers, craftsmen, doctors and writers - had no say in in how the country was run.

Question 4

What are the causes of the French Revolution?

Answer 4

• Inspired by the American Revolution (Democracy)
• France was broke after helping America (navy) => High Taxes
• The Enlightenment (Divine Right of Kings
• The System of Estates

Question 5

What were the Estates?

Answer 5

1st - Clergy👼🏼 (5%)
2nd - Nobles⚔(5%)
3rd - Everyone Else💊(90%)

Question 6

Why did Louis raise taxes?

Answer 6

Because they were bankrupt from all the wars. He needed the Estates General (Parliament) to agree first so he called upon them to meet. It was rigged 2:1 so he always won.

Question 7

Why did the Clergy like the Ancien Régime?

Answer 7

Because the ordinary had to pay a tithe to the Catholic Church. It made the church wealthy, but also meant they didn’t have to pay taxes either.

Question 8

Why did he Nobles like the Ancien Régime?

Answer 8

Because they also didn’t have to pay taxes to the government. Also, any important jobs were given to them.

Question 9

Why did everyone else not like the Ancien Régime?

Answer 9

Because they had to lay the new taxes and the old ones. They also were the poorest people and had to pay for the privileged lifestyle of the Clergy and Nobles.

Question 10

What is the National Assembly?

Answer 10

A group formed of the Third Estate to discuss the new taxes and how to change it.

Question 11

What was the Tennis Court Oath?

Answer 11

An oath the National Assembly took in a tennis court after they had to move because King Louis was planning to close it down. The oath said that they would not go home until Louis and the other Estates agreed to make the system of government and taxation much fairer.

Question 12

What was the DeclaRation of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen passed?

Answer 12

It was passed on the 26th of August, 1789. It was determined to create equal rights for all citizens.

Question 13

Who were the sans culottes?

Answer 13

The strongest supporters of the National Assembly, in Paris.

Question 14

What was the Fall of Bastille?

Answer 14

Louis was going to break up the National Assembly in Paris. A riot broke out in Bastille Prison and it’s commander was killed. The French Revolution began.

Question 15

Where were the royal family kept?

Answer 15

They were kept in Tuileries Palace in Paris throughout 1790.

Question 16

How did Louis plan to escape Paris?

Answer 16

Louis planned to escape Paris and go to Holland where Marie-Antoinette’s brother Leopold ruled. But, they were spotted in Varennes and were arrested.

Question 17

Why was Louis executed?

Answer 17

He was executed because they believed he was going to join Holland and fight a war against France. They thought he was a traitor.

Question 18

When was France declared a republic?

Answer 18

France became a republic on September 21st 1792.

Question 19

What was the new government and who was in charge?

Answer 19

The Directory, and by 1799, France was ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte. He was named Emperor of France in 1804. H made all of the decisions so the revolution had changed much, but not all that much.

Question 20

Why did Austria, Russia and Britain declare war on France?

Answer 20

Because they were determined to stop the revolution before it inspired their own citizens to have similar ideas.

Question 21

Who were the radicals?

Answer 21

The part of the Assembly who wanted great and speedy change. They sat on the left of the parliament.

Question 22

Who were the conservatives?

Answer 22

The part of the Assembly who wanted change to take place over a long period of time. They sit on the right of the parliament.

Question 23

Who were the Jacobins?

Answer 23

A group of Radicals who thought change wasn’t happening quick enough. They were lead by Maximilian Robespierre.

Question 24

How many people did the Jacobins execute during The Terror?

Answer 24

40,000 people were executed because the Jacobins thought they were “Enemies of the Revolution”.

Question 25

What was the Flight to Varennes?

Answer 25

The King’s attempt to escape to Holland and the protection of the Austrian Emperor.