Flashcards in Chapter 15 - Fascism in Italy Deck (15):
1
Why did Fascism rise in Italy?
-Economic Problems: unemployment, inflation of 250%
-Poor Law and Order: Blackshirts wanted to restore it
-Unhappiness with TOV: Many soldiers felt cheated
-Fear of Communism: Wave of strikes in 1920
2
Who were the blackshirts?
-A fascist party formed by Mussolini in Milan in 1919
-Strongly anti-communist. Wanted to restore law and order
-30,000 fascists began march on Rome; Mussolini made prime minister.
3
How did Mussolini rule?
-Secret Police = OVRA
-Prison Camps = On Lipari Islands
-Acerbo Law
4
What was the Acerbo Law?
A law that allowed the party with the largest amount of votes to gain 2/3 of the seats in parliament. He claimed this would solve political instability.
5
How did Mussolini become a dictator?
-Removing the kings right to appoint ministers
-Banning all opposition parties
-Making laws passable without parliament's permission
-il Duce = the leader.
6
What was Corporate State?
Where different corporations were set up to run each sector of the economy. Trade Unions were banned and it became illegal to strike.
7
How was the economy tackled?
Through public works e.g.
-Autostrada were built
-Pontine Marshes (drained & turned to farmland)
-Hydro-electrical stations were built & trains were electrified
8
How did Mussolini use propaganda?
-Newspapers: articles & photographs
-Light in Office: looked like he was working all night
-Textbooks were Rewritten: had a bigger role in WW1
-Drawings in Storybooks: looked strong and brave
9
What were the youth movements?
-Sons of the She-Wolf: 4-8
-Balilla: 8-14
-Avanguardisti: 14-18
"Mussolini is Always Right"
10
What was the Lateran Treaty?
A treaty signed by Mussolini and the Catholic Church in 1929.
11
What were the conditions of the Lateran Treaty?
-Mussolini recognised the Vatican to be an independent State
-Compensation paid to church for loss of land in 1870
-Catholicism became the official religion of Italian State
-In return, the pope agreed to recognise the Italian State
12
What was Mussolini's Foreign Policy?
-Increase influence over the Mediterranean. 'Italian Lake'
-Rebuild the Roman Empire
13
What was the Rome-Berlin Axis?
A friendly agreement between Italy and Germany in 1936
14
What was the Anti-Communist Pact?
A pact against communism signed by Italy, Germany and Japan in 1937.
15