Chapter 14: Blood

Question 1

blood

Answer 1

type of connective tissue suspended in liquid matrix

Question 2

what determines blood amount in the body?

Answer 2

• body size
• changes in fluid concentration
• changes in electrolyte concentration
• amount of adipose tissue

Question 3

how much of the body is blood?

Answer 3

8%

Question 4

adult blood volume

Answer 4

male = 5-6 liters
female= 4-5 liters

Question 5

blood cells

Answer 5

formed mostly in red bone marrow; called formed elements

Question 6

types of blood cells (3)

Answer 6

• red blood cells
• white blood cells
• platelets

Question 7

in a centrifuged blood sample, how much is plasma?

Answer 7

55%

Question 8

in a centrifuged blood sample, how much is red blood cells?

Answer 8

45%

Question 9

in a centrifuged blood sample, how much are white blood cells & platelets?

Answer 9

<1%

Question 10

what is the % of red blood cells called?

Answer 10

hematocrit or packed cell volume

Question 11

hematopoiesis

Answer 11

blood cell formation; originate in red bone marrow

Question 12

red blood cells

Answer 12

• also called erythrocytes
• carry oxygen
• biconcave disc shape

Question 13

how much of red blood cells is hemoglobin?

Answer 13

1/3

Question 14

oxyhemoglobin

Answer 14

with oxygen

Question 15

deoxyhemoglobin

Answer 15

without oxygen

Question 16

RBC count

Answer 16

number of red blood cells per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood

Question 17

RBC counts

Answer 17

men= 4.7-6.1 million
female= 4.2-5.4 million
children= 4.5-5.1 million

Question 18

erythropoiesis

Answer 18

• red blood cell formation
• negative feedback mechanism
• low blood oxygen causes kidneys & liver to release EPO, which stimulates RBC production
• within a few days, many new RBC’s appear in blood

Question 19

where does erythropoiesis occur?

Answer 19

red bone marrow

Question 20

EPO

Answer 20

erythroprotein

Question 21

anemia

Answer 21

oxygen carrying capacity of blood is reduced

Question 22

biliverdin & bilirubin

Answer 22

by products of hemoglobin breakdown from RBC’s

Question 23

B 12

Answer 23

absorbed from small intestine; DNA synthesis

Question 24

iron

Answer 24

absorbed from small intestine; hemoglobin synthesis

Question 25

folic acid

Answer 25

absorbed from small intestine; DNA synthesis

Question 26

RBC formation

Answer 26

hemocytoblast -> erthyroblasts -> reticulocytes -> erthyrocytes

Question 27

aplastic anemia

Answer 27

damaged bone marrow; caused by toxic chemicals & radiation

Question 28

hemolytic anemia

Answer 28

red blood cells destroyed; caused by toxic chemicals

Question 29

iron-deficiency anemia

Answer 29

hemoglobin defect; caused by dietary lack of iron

Question 30

pernicious anemia

Answer 30

excess of large & fragile cells; caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12

Question 31

sickle cell disease

Answer 31

red blood cells abnormally shaped; caused by defective gene

Question 32

thalassemia

Answer 32

hemoglobin deficient, red blood cells short lived; caused by defective gene