Chapter 17: Digestive System

Question 1

phases of gastric secretion (3)

Answer 1

• cephalic
• gastric
• intestinal

Question 2

cephalic secretion

Answer 2

sight, smell, thought of food triggers parasympathetic reflexes; secretion of gastric juice

Question 3

gastric secretion

Answer 3

food in stomach stimulates gastrin release, which, in turn, stimulates release of gastric juice

Question 4

intestinal secretion

Answer 4

good in small intestine stimulates intestinal cells to release intestinal gastrin, which promotes secretion of gastric juice from stomach wall; inhibits gastric secretion

Question 5

gastric absorption

Answer 5

• pepsin begins breaking down proteins

Question 6

what does the stomach absorb?

Answer 6

• some water
• some alcohol
• certain salts
• certain fat-soluble drugs

Question 7

chyme

Answer 7

result of the mixing of food in the stomach with gastric juice

Question 8

peristaltic waves

Answer 8

push chyme towards pylorus of stomach

Question 9

enterogastric reflex

Answer 9

when chyme starts to fill duodenum, stretch receptors initiate this response; slows stomach emptying & intestinal filling

Question 10

pancreas

Answer 10

• endocrine & exocrine
• produces enzymes for breakdown of fats, lipids, and proteins (digestive juice)

Question 11

acinar cells

Answer 11

make up most of pancreas, and release pancreatic juice into tiny ducts which lead to pancreatic duct

Question 12

pancreatic duct

Answer 12

empties into duodenum of small intestine

Question 13

hepatopancreatic ampulla

Answer 13

pancreatic duct & common bile duct join here; dilated tube

Question 14

hepatopancreatic sphincter

Answer 14

surrounds ampulla; controls movement of bile & pancreatic juice into duodenum

Question 15

pancreatic juice components (7)

Answer 15

• pancreatic amylase
• pancreatic lipase
• trypsin
• chymotrypsin
• carboxypeptidase
• nucleases
• bicarbonate ions

Question 16

pancreatic amylase

Answer 16

splits starch and glycogen into disaccharides

Question 17

pancreatic lipase

Answer 17

breaks down triglycerides

Question 18

trypsin

Answer 18

digests proteins; released as inactive trypsinogen, which is activated by enterokinase in small intestine

Question 19

chymotrypsin

Answer 19

digests proteins; released as inactive, activated by trypsin

Question 20

carboxypeptidase

Answer 20

digests proteins; released as inactive, activated by trypsin

Question 21

nucleases

Answer 21

digest nucleic acids

Question 22

bicarbonate ions

Answer 22

make pancreatic juice alkaline; buffer stomach acid

Question 23

hormones that help regulate release of pancreatic juice

Answer 23

• secretin
• CCK

Question 24

CCK

Answer 24

stimulates release of pancreatic enzymes

Question 25

liver

Answer 25

• largest internal organ
• located in RUQ, below diaphragm
• reddish brown color
• can regenerate

Question 26

4 lobes of liver

Answer 26

• right (larger)
• left
• caudate (minor, near IVC)
• quadrate (minor, near gallbladder)

Question 27

basic functional unit of liver

Answer 27

hepatic lobule

Question 28

function of liver in digestive system

Answer 28

secrete bile