Chapter 17: Digestive System

Question 1

two types of secretory glands in salivary glands

Answer 1

• serous
• mucus

Question 2

serous

Answer 2

produce a watery fluid, containing a digestive enzyme called salivary amylase

Question 3

mucus

Answer 3

secrete mucus

Question 4

bolus

Answer 4

food chewed & mixed with mucus

Question 5

pharynx

Answer 5

cavity posterior to mouth; extends from nasal cavity to esophagus and connects nasal to oral cavity

Question 6

parts of the pharynx

Answer 6

• oropharynx
• nasopharynx
• laryngopharynx

Question 7

esophagus

Answer 7

tubular organ that extends from pharynx to stomach, contains mucus glands in submucosa

Question 8

lower esophageal sphincter

Answer 8

regulates food passage into stomach

Question 9

esophageal hiatus

Answer 9

hole where esophagus connects to stomach

Question 10

stomach

Answer 10

j-shaped, rugae, receives food, mixes w/ gastric juice, initiates protein digestion, limited absorption, moves food into small intestine

Question 11

smooth muscle layers of stomach:

Answer 11

1. inner circular
2. outer longitudinal
3. some areas have a third oblique layer

Question 12

how many glands do gastric glands contain?

Answer 12

3 secretory cells, which produce gastric juice

Question 13

gastric juice components (6)

Answer 13

• pepsin
• pepsinogen
• HCl
• gastric lipase
• mucus
• intrinsic factor

Question 14

pepsinogen

Answer 14

inactive form of pepsin; secreted by chief cells

Question 15

pepsin

Answer 15

active enzyme that breaks down proteins into polypeptides; requires presence of HCl

Question 16

gastric lipase

Answer 16

fat splitting enzyme, found in small quantities; action inhibited by low pH

Question 17

HCl

Answer 17

produced by parietal cells; converts pepsinogen to pepsin

Question 18

intrinsic factor

Answer 18

produced by parietal cells; required for B12 absorption

Question 19

what things does the stomach break down?

Answer 19

alcohol, drugs

Question 20

stomach’s main job

Answer 20

break down food

Question 21

neural regulation

Answer 21

• sympathetic impulses decrease gastric activity
• parasympathetic impulses increase gastric activity; promote release of histamine, which stimulates gastric secretion

Question 22

somatostatin

Answer 22

inhibits HCl secretion

Question 23

gastrin

Answer 23

increases gastric juice secretion

Question 24

cholecystokinin (CCK)

Answer 24

decreases gastric motility