Chapter 20: Urinary System

Question 1

vasa recta

Answer 1

important for exchange in nephron

Question 2

what happens after filtrate leaves the glomerular capsule?

Answer 2

it enters the renal tubule

Question 3

urine formation (formation steps)

Answer 3

1. glomerulus
2. glomerular capsule
3. proximal tubule
4. descending loop
5. ascending loop
6. distal tubule
7. collecting duct

Question 4

urine formation (excretion)

Answer 4

1. minor calyx
2. major calyx
3. renal pelvis
4. ureter
5. urinary bladder

Question 5

urine formation (elimination)

Answer 5

urethra

Question 6

2 types of nephrons in kidney

Answer 6

• cortical
• juxtamedullary

Question 7

cortical nephrons

Answer 7

sit high in cortex, with short nephron loops

Question 8

juxtamedullary nephrons

Answer 8

sit low in cortex, with long nephron loops; important in regulating water & urine concentration

Question 9

juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 9

• regulates secretion of renin
• transportation of ascending limb of nephron loop of each nephron passes between afferent & efferent
• ascending limb comes in contact with afferent to form apparatus

Question 10

renin

Answer 10

plays role in blood pressure production

Question 11

RAA system

Answer 11

renin angiotensin aldosterone system

Question 12

macula densa

Answer 12

tall, closely packed cells of ascending limb

Question 13

juxtaglomerular cells

Answer 13

large, smooth muscle cells of afferent arteriole

Question 14

what regulates the renin angiotensin system?

Answer 14

renin secreted by juxtaglomerular apparatus; increases blood pressure

Question 15

what does urine contain?

Answer 15

• wastes
• excess water
• electrolytes

Question 16

3 processes of urine filtration

Answer 16

1. glomerular filtration
2. tubular reabsorption
3. tubular secretion

Question 17

glomerular filtration

Answer 17

• first step
• substances move from blood to glomerulus unto the glomerular capsule
• large molecules remain in the blood due to size
• glomerular capillaries are many times more permeable than other capillaries due to fenestrae

Question 18

fenestrae

Answer 18

tiny slits or pores in capillaries

Question 19

glomerular filtrate

Answer 19

similar composition to tissue fluid

Question 20

causes of protein in urine

Answer 20

• starvation
• kidney failure
• kidney disease
• high protein diet