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BIOL 251: Anatomy & Physiology II > Chapter 15: Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 15: Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

what supplies blood to tissues of the heart?

A

right and left coronary arteries

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2
Q

cardiac cycle

A
  • events of a heartbeat (one full)
  • heart chambers function in coordinated manner
  • heart actions regulated
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3
Q

when atria contract…

A

ventricles relax

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4
Q

when ventricles contract…

A

atria relax

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5
Q

atrial systole

A

atria contract

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6
Q

ventricular diastole

A

ventricles relax; fill

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7
Q

atrial diastole

A

atria relax

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8
Q

ventricular systole

A

ventricles contract

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9
Q

what happens to the pressure in heart chambers during the cardiac cycle?

A

it rises and falls; pressure changes cause valves to open and close

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10
Q

during atrial systole & ventricular diastole…

A
  • ventricles relaxed
  • av valves open, semilunar close
  • about 70% of blood flows passively from atria into ventricles
  • the remaining 30% is pushed by atrial systole into ventricles, causing ventricular pressure to rise
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11
Q

during ventricular systole & atrial diastole…

A
  • av valves close
  • atria relax
  • chordae tendineae prevent cusps of valves from bulging too far back into atria
  • blood flows into atria from vena cava & pulmonary veins
  • ventricular pressure increases & opens semilunar valve
  • blood flows into pulmonary trunk & aorta
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12
Q

heart sounds

A

lubb dupp

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13
Q

lubb sound

A
  • first sound
  • occurs during ventricular systole
  • associated with closing of av valves
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14
Q

dupp sound

A
  • second sound
  • occurs during ventricular diastole
  • associated with closing of pulmonary & aortic semilunar valves
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15
Q

murmur

A

abnormal heart sound derived from incomplete closure of cusps of a valve

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16
Q

auscultation

A

listening to heart/lungs with stethoscope

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17
Q

functional syncitium

A

mass of merging cells that function as a unit

18
Q

2 masses in the heart

A
  • atrial syncitium
  • ventricular syncitium
19
Q

fibrillation

A

unorganized, out of sync contraction of cardiac muscle cells

20
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

unorganized contraction of atria

21
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

unorganized contraction of ventricles; medical emergency

22
Q

cardiac conduction system

A

group of clumps & strands of specialized cardiac muscle tissue which initiates & distributes impulses throughout myocardium; coordinates the events of cardiac cycle

23
Q

cardiac conduction system pathway (8)

A
  1. SA node
  2. atrial syncitium
  3. junctional fibers
  4. AV node
  5. AV bundle (of HIS)
  6. bundle branches
  7. purkinje fibers
  8. ventricular syncitium
24
Q

the heart is…

A

self polarizing

25
Q

pacemaker of the heart

A

SA node

26
Q

SA node

A

sinoatrial node; pacemaker of the heart, right atrium

27
Q

AV node

A

atrioventricular node; secondary pacemaker

28
Q

junctional fibers

A

conduct impulses from SA to AV node

29
Q

internodal atrial muscle

A

conducts impulses from SA to atria

30
Q

AV bundle

A

conducts impulses rapidly between SA & bundle branches

31
Q

left & right bundle branches

A

split off from AV bundle; conduct impulses to purkinje fibers on both sides of heart

32
Q

purkinje fibers

A

large fibers that conduct impulses to ventricular myocardium

33
Q

the cardiac muscle is…

A

a whorled network

34
Q

electrocardiogram (ECG,EKG)

A

recording of electrical changes that occur in the myocardium during the cardiac cycle; used to asses the heart’s ability to conduct impulses

35
Q

deflections/waves of EKG

A
  • p wave
  • qrs complex
  • t wave
36
Q

p wave

A

atrial depolarization; occurs just prior to atrial contraction

37
Q

qrs complex

A

3 waves; ventricular depolarization; occurs just prior to ventricular contraction

38
Q

t wave

A

ventricular depolarization; occurs just prior to ventricular relaxation

39
Q

what normally controls heart rate?

A

SA node

40
Q

what modifies the heart rate in response to changing conditions

A

sympathetic & parasympathetic fibers

41
Q

parasympathetic impulses

A

vagus nerve, decreased heart rate, acts on SA/AV

42
Q

sympathetic impulses

A

accelerator nerves, increased heart rate, acts on SA/AV

BIOL 251: Anatomy & Physiology II (28 decks)

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