Chapter 15: Cardiovasular System

Question 1

what two circuits do blood vessels form?

Answer 1

pulmonary & systemic

Question 2

pulmonary circuit

Answer 2

• transports oxygen poor blood from heart to lungs, & back to heart
• in lungs, blood picks up oxygen & drops off CO2

Question 3

systemic circuit

Answer 3

• transports oxygen rich blood from heart to all body cells, & back to the heart
• blood deniers nutrients to cells & removes waste

Question 4

circuit

Answer 4

no close endings; no beginning or end

Question 5

left side of heart

Answer 5

oxygen rich, oxygenated

Question 6

right side of heart

Answer 6

oxygen poor, deoxygenated

Question 7

what kind of blood is in the pulmonary vein?

Answer 7

oxygenated

Question 8

what kind of blood is in the pulmonary artery?

Answer 8

deoxygenated

Question 9

heart

Answer 9

hollow, cone-shaped muscular pump; located in mediastinum of the thoracic cavity, superior to diaphragm

Question 10

4 chambers of heart

Answer 10

• right atrium
• right ventricle
• left atrium
• left ventricle

Question 11

upper chambers of heart are called?

Answer 11

atria

Question 12

lower chambers of heart are called? (& function)

Answer 12

ventricles, pump

Question 13

location of heart (5)

Answer 13

• posterior to sternum
• medial to lungs
• anterior to vertebral column
• base lies at 2nd rib
• apex lies at 5th intercostal space

Question 14

pericardium

Answer 14

covering over heart & large blood vessels

Question 15

3 layers of pericardium

Answer 15

• fibrous
• parietal
• visceral

Question 16

fibrous pericardium

Answer 16

outer layer, surrounds double layered serous membrane

Question 17

parietal pericardium

Answer 17

deep to fibrous pericardium; outer layer of serous membrane

Question 18

visceral pericardium

Answer 18

inner layer of serous membrane; attached to surface of heart

Question 19

visceral pericardium is also known as…

Answer 19

epicardium

Question 20

how many layers of the heart wall have?

Answer 20

3

Question 21

3 layers of heart wall

Answer 21

• epicardium
• myocardium
• endocardium

Question 22

epicardium

Answer 22

outer layer, thin; visceral pericardium

Question 23

myocardium

Answer 23

middle layer, thickest; composed of cardiac muscle tissue

Question 24

endocardium

Answer 24

inner layer, thin; forms inner lining of all heart chambers

Question 25

right atrium

Answer 25

receives blood returning from systemic circuit; pumps blood to right ventricle

Question 26

right ventricle

Answer 26

receives blood from right atrium; pumps blood to lungs

Question 27

left atrium

Answer 27

receives blood from pulmonary veins; pumps blood to left ventricle

Question 28

left ventricle

Answer 28

receives blood from left atrium; pumps blood to systemic circuit

Question 29

blood flow in heart (14)

Answer 29

1. vena cava 2. right atria 3. tricuspid valve 4. right ventricle 5. pulmonary semilunar valve 6. pulmonary trunk/artery 7. lungs 8. pulmonary veins 9. left atria 10. bicuspid/mitral valve 11. left ventricle 12. aortic semilunar valve 13. aorta 14. systemic circulation

Question 30

valves

Answer 30

prevent back flow of blood

Question 31

what valve is associated with the most issues?

Answer 31

mitral/bicuspid due to pressure

Question 32

skeleton of heart

Answer 32

made up of rings of dense connective tissue, along with other fibrous masses in the inter ventricular septum; surround origins of pulmonary trunk & aorta, & orfices between atria & ventricles