Chapter 11: The Nervous System

Question 1

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 1

consists of nerves that connect CNS to other parts of the body; includes cranial and spinal nerves

Question 2

cranial nerves

Answer 2

arising from brain

Question 3

spinal nerves

Answer 3

arising from spinal cord

Question 4

the PNS is also divided into..

Answer 4

autonomic & somatic

Question 5

autonomic

Answer 5

cranial & spinal nerves that connect CNS to viscera (subconscious activity)

Question 6

somatic

Answer 6

cranial & spinal nerves that connect CNS to skin & skeletal muscles (conscious activity)

Question 7

sympathetic

Answer 7

ANS; fight or flight

Question 8

parasympathetic

Answer 8

ANS; rest & digest, feed & breed

Question 9

nerves

Answer 9

bundles of axons

Question 10

connective tissue coverings (3)

Answer 10

1. endoneurium
2. perineurium
3. epineurium

Question 11

endoneurium

Answer 11

covers single axon

Question 12

perineurium

Answer 12

covers group of axons

Question 13

epineurium

Answer 13

covers whole nerve

Question 14

sensory nerves

Answer 14

conduct impulses to brain or spinal cord

Question 15

motor nerves

Answer 15

conduct impulses to muscles or glands

Question 16

mixed nerves

Answer 16

sensory & motor, most mixed, all spinal nerves are mixed (except first pair)

Question 17

general somatic efferent

Answer 17

carry motor impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles

Question 18

general visceral efferent

Answer 18

carry motor impulses from CNS to smooth muscles & glands

Question 19

general somatic afferent

Answer 19

carry sensory impulses to CNS from skin & skeletal muscles

Question 20

general visceral afferent

Answer 20

carry sensory impulses to CNS from blood vessels & internal organs

Question 21

sensory

Answer 21

afferent

Question 22

motor

Answer 22

efferent

Question 23

special somatic efferent

Answer 23

carry motor impulses from brain to muscle used in chewing, swallowing, speaking, & facial expressions

Question 24

special visceral afferent

Answer 24

carry sensory impulses to brain from olfactory & taste receptors

Question 25

special somatic afferent

Answer 25

carry sensory impulses to brain from receptors of sight, hearing, & equilibrium

Question 26

2 types of autonomic neurotransmitters

Answer 26

cholinergic neurons & adrenergic neurons

Question 27

cholinergic neurons

Answer 27

- release Ach - all preganglionic sympathetic & parasympathetic fibers - post ganglionic parasympathetic fibers

Question 28

adrenergic neurons

Answer 28

- release norepinephrine - most postganglionic sympathetic fibers

Question 29

autonomic neurotransmitter action

Answer 29

result from binding to protein receptors in the membrane of effector cells in synapses or neuromuscular junctions

Question 30

cholinergic receptors

Answer 30

- bind to Ach, two types

Question 31

two types of cholinergic receptors

Answer 31

1. muscarinic 2. nicotinic

Question 32

muscarinic

Answer 32

excitatory, slow, activated by fungal toxin

Question 33

nicotinic

Answer 33

excitatory, rapid, activated by tobacco toxin

Question 34

adrenergic receptors

Answer 34

- bind to epinephrine & norepinephrine; two types

Question 35

two types of adrenergic receptors

Answer 35

1. alpha 2. beta - both have different responses on various effectors

Question 36

what occurs after acting at synapse or neuromuscular junction?

Answer 36

neurotransmitters must be removed/inactivated, to prevent continued stimulation of the postsynaptic cell

Question 37

AchE

Answer 37

decomposes the acetylcholine that cholinergic fibers release

Question 38

norepinephrine

Answer 38

from adrenergic fibers; removed from synapse by active transport, and inactivated by monoamine oxidase (MAO)

Question 39

control of autonomic activity

Answer 39

- controlled largely by hypothalamus - control of ANS is involuntary - medulla oblongata regulates cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory activity - hypothalamus regulates homeostasis - autonomic reflex centers occur in medulla oblongata & spinal cord - reflex centers in medulla oblongata control cardiac, vasomotor, & respiratory activity - limbic system & cerebral cortex control emotional responses