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BIOL 251: Anatomy & Physiology II > Chapter 17: Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 17: Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

components of bile

A
  • water
  • bile salts
  • bile pigments
  • cholesterol
  • electrolytes
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2
Q

bile salts

A

produced from cholesterol, emulsify fats, only bile component with digestive function

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3
Q

gall bladder

A
  • pear shaped
  • stores & concentrates bile
  • cystic duct from gb joins with common hepatic duct from liver to form common bile duct
  • bile duct empties into duodenum
  • hematopancreatic sphincter
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4
Q

gall stones

A
  • occurs if bile is too concentrated
  • crystals
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5
Q

cck

A

causes gall bladder to contract, in response to fats entering the duodenum; the bile is then released into the duodenum

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6
Q

what do bile salts do

A

aid digestive enzymes through emulsification; enhance absorption of fatty acids & cholesterol by forming micelles

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7
Q

duodenum

A

shortest & most fixed end of SI

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8
Q

jejunum

A

middle, thicker & more active than ileum

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9
Q

ileum

A

distal end of SI, Peyer’s patches

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10
Q

mesentary

A

helps to hold ileum & jejunum in place

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11
Q

greater omentum

A

attached to inferior aspect of stomach; hangs down covering intestines

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12
Q

intestinal villi

A

tiny projections of muscles; greatly increase surface area for absorption of digestive end product

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13
Q

what does each intestinal villi contain?

A

simple columnar epithelium w/ a core of connective tissue, w/ BV, lacteal, and nerve fibers

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14
Q

microvilli

A

free surfaces of epithelial cells; increase surface area for absorption

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15
Q

Brunner’s glands

A

specialized mucus secreting cells that secrete a thick, alkaline mucus in response to certain stimuli

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16
Q

what do intestinal glands secrete

A

a watery fluid, that picks up digestion product & transports them to villi; does not have digestive enzymes

17
Q

enzymes in microvilli membranes (4)

A
  • peptidase
  • lipase
  • sucrase
  • maltase
18
Q

carb absorption

A
  • salivary & pancreatic amylase break down starch & glycogen into disaccharides
  • intestinal enzymes break down disaccharides to monosaccharides
  • monosaccharides absorbed by facilitated diffusion & active transport into BV in villi
19
Q

protein absorption

A
  • pepsin breaks down proteins into polypeptides
  • pancreatic proteases break down proteins & polypeptides into smaller proteins
  • intestinal peptidases break peptides into AA
  • AA absorbed by active transport into BV of villi
20
Q

fat absorption

A
  • emulsified by bile salts
  • digested mainly by enzymes from pancreas & SI
  • ingested into glycerol and fatty acids
  • fatty acids & glycerol absorbed by blood or lacteals
21
Q

peristaltic rush

A

occurs when small intestine becomes over distended or irritated; sweeps contents into LI, resulting in diarrhea

22
Q

ileocecal sphincter

A

joins ileum of SI to cecum of LI & helps regulate flow of chyme

23
Q

parts of large intestine (4)

A
  • cecum
  • colon
  • rectum
  • anal canal
24
Q

cecum

A
  • pouch, forms beginning of LI
  • appendix is attached here
25
Q

colon

A

ascending, transverse, descending, & sigmoid

26
Q

rectum

A

extends from sigmoid to anal canal

27
Q

anal canal

A
  • last 2.5-4 cm of LI; opens to outside as anus
  • internal & external sphincter guard anus
28
Q

internal sphincter

A

involuntary

29
Q

external sphincter

A

voluntary

30
Q

haustra

A

“bubbles” on LI; bands that create pouches, help form feces

31
Q

taeniae coli

A

longitudinal muscle that runs down entire length of colon

32
Q

how many layers does the LI wall have?

A

4

33
Q

what does the LI wall NOT have?

A

villi & place circulares

34
Q

functions of large intestine (5)

A
  • little to no digestive
  • contains goblet cells, which secrete mucus
  • absorbs water & electrolytes
  • houses intestinal flora, which break down contents such as cellulose, vitamin K & B12, thiamine
  • forms feces
35
Q

vitamin K

A

important in blood clotting

36
Q

movements of large intestine

A
  • slower & less frequent than SI
  • mixing & peristalsis
  • peristaltic waves produce mass movements, which usually follow a meal
  • defecation reflex relaxes internal anal sphincter & then external
37
Q

feces composition (4)

A
  • water
  • mucus
  • bacteria
  • bile pigments
38
Q

odor components of feces (5)

A
  • phenol
  • ammonia
  • hydrogen sulfide
  • indole
  • skatole

BIOL 251: Anatomy & Physiology II (28 decks)

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