Flashcards in Chapter 15 - Important concepts Deck (43):
1
Psychopathologists examine breakdowns in adaptation to help them understand healthy functioning
failure-analysis approach
2
What are the 5 criteria for a mental disorder?
Statistical rarity
Subjective distress
Impairment
Societal disapproval
Biological dysfunction
3
Mental disorders share a loose set of features.
family resemblance view
4
Asylum was part of what model?
Medical
5
The use of snake pits was completed for which model?
Medical
6
Exorcism
Demonic model
7
Free or low cost care facilitaties in which people can obtain treatment
community health care centers/halfway houses
8
Specific to one or more societies
culture-bound
9
Fear that you genitals are shrinking into your abdomen
Koro
10
Episodes of intense sadness and brooding followed by uncontrolled behaviour and unprovoked attacks on people or animals
amok
11
Psychiatric diagnoses:
1 - _______ the psychological problem a person is facing
2 - Make it _____ for mental health professionals to communicate
pinpoint
easier
12
What are 4 misconceptions about psychiatric diagnoses?
1) Pigeonholing
2) unreliable
3) invalid
4) Stigmatize people
13
the extent to which different raters agree on a patient's diagnosis
interrater reliability
14
Rule out medically induced psychological disorders prior to diagnosis.
Think organic
15
Percentage of people in a population with a disorder.
prevalence
16
Acknowledges the interplay of biological, psychological and social influences.
biopsychosocial approach
17
As student's become more familiar with pathologes, the become more aware and paranoid of bodily processes
medical student's syndrome
18
What is the most common anxiety disorder?
phobia
19
Faking mental illness
malingering
20
condition marked by motor tics, and vocal tics
tourette's disorder
21
Depression is less common in _____ people than in ______ people.
older, younger
22
Who came up with this?
People with depression often elicit hostility and rejection from others, which in turn maintains or worsens their depression.
People with depression seek excessive reassurance and tend to stir up negative feelings in others.
Coyne
23
Proposes that depression results from a low rate of response-contingent positive reinforcement
behavioural model (Lewinson)
24
Theory that depression is caused by negative beliefs and expectations.
cognitive model of depression
25
Three components of depressed thinking:
negative view of: oneself, the world, the future
cognitive triad
26
skewed ways of thinking - legit think of nightmare glasses
cognitive distortions
27
seen in more mild cases of depression - these individuals have a more accurate view of circumstances
depressive realism
28
people who are not depressed tend to have less realistic expectations of their capacities
illusory control
29
Depressed persons tend to think their failures are general and fixed aspects of their personalities
global-stable
30
What might be the stress gene?
Serotonin transporter gene
31
Depression seems to be linked to low levels of the NT ________; diminished _________ resulting in in decreased _________ volume; and decreased ________ levels.
norepineprhine
neurogenesis
hippocampal
dopamine
32
Among the most genetically influenced of all mental disorders.
Increased sensitivity of dopamine receptors, decreased sensitivity of serotonin receptors
bipolar disorder
33
Those with bipolar disorder:
increased activity in the _______, and decreased activity in the _______ cortex
amygdala
prefrontal cortex
34
What is the single best predictor for suicide?
A previous attempt
35
Psychopaths may be bored and seek out excitement, a phenomenon called what?
stimulus hunger
36
The sense that the external world is strange or unreal, often accompanies both depersonalization and panic attacks
derealization
37
arises from history of severe abuse during childhood; can feel the abuse happening to someone else
PTM
38
people's expectancies and beliefs, rather than early traumas, account for the origin and maintenance of DID
SCM
39
repeat a phrase in a conversation in a parrot-like manner
echoladia
40
A schizophrenic is most likely to relapse when the family is critical, hostile or overinvolved which is called?
expressed emotion
41
Schizophrenics have:
- enlarged ______
- increased in _____ size
- decrease in the size of the ______ lobe, and activation of the _______ and ________
- decrease in the ________ of the brain hemispheres
ventricles
sulci
temporal, amygdala, hippocampus
symmetry
42
Simple excess of dopamine causes schizophrenic symptoms
dopamine hypothesis
43