Chapter 15 - Key Words

Question 1

view of mental illness in which odd behaviour, hearing voices, or talking to oneself was attributed to evil spirits infesting the body.

Answer 1

demonic model

Question 2

view of mental illness as due to a physical disorder requiring medical treatment

Answer 2

medical model

Question 3

institution for people with mental illness created in the fifteenth century

Answer 3

asylum

Question 4

approach to mental illness calling for dignity, kindness, and respect for those with mental illness

Answer 4

moral treatment

Question 5

governmental policy in the 1960s and 1970s that focused on releasing hospitalized psychiatric patients into the community and closing mental hospitals

Answer 5

deinstitutionalization

Question 6

scholars who argue that psychiatric diagnoses exert powerful negative effects on people’s perceptions and behaviours

Answer 6

labelling theorists

Question 7

diagnostic system containing the American Psychiatric Association (APA) criteria for mental disorders

Answer 7

DSM - diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

Question 8

Percentage of people within a population who have a specific mental disorder

Answer 8

prevalence

Question 9

co-occurence of two or more diagnoses within the same person

Answer 9

comorbidity

Question 10

model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in kind rather than degree

Answer 10

categorical model

Question 11

model in wihch a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in degree rather than kind

Answer 11

dimensional model

Question 12

legal defence proposing that people shouldn’t be held legally accountable for their actions if they weren’t of sound mind when committing them

Answer 12

insanity defence

Question 13

procedure of placing some people with mental illness in a psychiatric hospital or other facility based on their potential danger to themselves or others, or their inability to care for themselves

Answer 13

involuntary commitment

Question 14

Condition marked by physical symptoms that suggest an underlying medical illness, but that are actually psychological in origin

Answer 14

somatic symptom disorder

Question 15

an individual’s continual preoccupation with the notion that he or she has a serious physical disease

Answer 15

illness anxiety disorder

Question 16

continual feelings of worry, anxiety, physical tension, and irritability across many areas of life functioning

Answer 16

GAD

Question 17

brief, intense episode of extreme fear, characterized by sweating, dizziness, light-headedness, racing heartbeat, and feelings or impending death or going crazy

Answer 17

panic attack

Question 18

repeated and unexpected panic attacks, along with either persistent concerns about future attacks or a change in personal behaviour in an attempt to avoid them

Answer 18

panic disorder

Question 19

Intense fear of an object or situation that’s greatly out of proportion to its actual threat

Answer 19

phobia

Question 20

fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or embarassing, or in which help is unavailable in the event of a panic attack

Answer 20

agoraphobia

Question 21

intense fear of objects, places, or situations that is greatly out of proportion to their actual threat

Answer 21

specific phobia

Question 22

intense fear of negative evaluation in social situations

Answer 22

social anxiety disorder

Question 23

marked emotional disturbance after experiencing or witnessing a severely stressful event

Answer 23

PTSD

Question 24

condition marked by repeated and lengthy (at least one hour per day) immersion in obsessions, compulsions, or both

Answer 24

OCD

Question 25

persistent idea, thought, or impulse that is unwanted and inappropriate, causing marked distress

Answer 25

obsession

Question 26

repetitive behaviour or mental act performed to reduce or prevent stress

Answer 26

compulsion

Question 27

fear of anxiety-related situations

Answer 27

anxiety-sensitivity

Question 28

state in which a person experiences a lingering depressed mood or diminished interest in pleasurable activities, along with symptoms that include weight loss and sleep difficulties

Answer 28

major depressive episode

Question 29

Theory that depression is caused by negative beliefs and expectations

Answer 29

Cognitive model of depression

Question 30

tendency to feel helpless in the face of events we cannot control

Answer 30

learned helplessness

Question 31

Experience marked by dramatically elevated mood, decreased need for sleep, increased energy, inflated self-esteem, increased talkativeness, and irresponsible behaviour

Answer 31

manic episode

Question 32

condition marked by a history of at least one manic episode

Answer 32

bipolar disorder

Question 33

condition in which personality traits, appearing first in adolescence, are inflexible, stable, expressed in a wide variety of situations, and lead to distress or impairment

Answer 33

personality disorder

Question 34

condition marked by extreme instability in mood, identity, and impulse control

Answer 34

borderline personality disorder

Question 35

condition marked by superficial charm, dishonesty, manipulativeness, self-centredness, and risk taking

Answer 35

psychopathic personality

Question 36

Condition marked by a lengthy history of irresponsible and/or illegal actions

Answer 36

antisocial personality disorder

Question 37

condition involving disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception

Answer 37

dissociative disorder

Question 38

condition marked by multiple episodes of depersonalization

Answer 38

depersonalizatoin/derealization disorder

Question 39

inability to recall important personal information - most often related to a stressful experience - that can't be explained by ordinary forgetfulness

Answer 39

dissociative amnesia

Question 40

sudden, unexpected travel away from home or the workplace, accompanied by amnesia for significant life events

Answer 40

dissociative fugue

Question 41

condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states that recurrently take control of the person's behaviour

Answer 41

DID

Question 42

severe disorder of thought and emotion associated with a loss of contact with reality

Answer 42

schizophrenia

Question 43

strongly held, fixed belief that has no basis in reality

Answer 43

delusion

Question 44

psychological problem reflecting serious distortions in reality

Answer 44

psychotic symptoms

Question 45

sensory perception that occurs in the absence of an external stimulus

Answer 45

hallucination

Question 46

motor problem, including extreme resistance to complying with simple suggestions, holding the body in bizarre or rigid postures, or curling up in a fetal position

Answer 46

catatonic symptom

Question 47

perspective proposing that mental disorders area a joint product of a genetic vulnerability, called a diathesis, and stressors that trigger this vulnerability

Answer 47

diathesis-stress model

Question 48

DSM-5 category that includes autistic disorder and Asperger's syndrome.

Answer 48

autism spectrum disorder

Question 49

childhood condition marked by excessive inattention, impulsivity, and activity

Answer 49

ADHD