Clinical Equine Nutrition 2 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Clinical Equine Nutrition 2 Deck (36)
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1
Q

Will energy requirements for a horse increase or decrease in severe weather, hot and cold?

A

Increase

2
Q

Minimum of ____ % of feed should still be good quality roughage

A

35-40%

3
Q

Omega 6 is pro _________

A

inflammatory

*in large amounts

4
Q

How long does it typically take to see results after adding oil to a horses diet?

A

2 - 3 months

Want to start adding in oil slowly as well

5
Q

Besides water, what is lost in sweat?

A

Electrolytes

6
Q

T/F: Age is a disease

A

False

but with age, comes disease

7
Q

What are common health concerns for aged horses?

A

Dental issues
parasitism
arthritic conditions

8
Q

T/F: Protein, fiber, and phosphorus digestion and absorption decrease with age

A

TRUE

9
Q

What kind of diet is recommended for geriatric horses?

A

(whatever they’ll eat!)

Needs to be palatable and easily digested - often cubed or pelleted feeds with the addition of a fat supplements as needed

10
Q

Why should you avoid immediately starting a starving horse on a high quality diet?

A

Refeeding syndrome

can have a fatal increase in blood insulin
Cardiac and respiratory failure

**will be noted 3-5 days after new diet has begun

11
Q

What diet should you start a starved horse on?

A
Start on a low glycemic indez diet
Roughage only (alfalfa is ideal) 
introduce 50-75% of maintenance and gradually build up over 10 days to maintenance

Can increase to 125% maintenance

12
Q

Besides being malnourished, what other concerns should you have when dealing with a starved horse?

A

Parasites - most likely the horse also was not getting dewormed

Dental issues
hoof care
underlying dz

13
Q

What is equine metabolic dz? It what patients do you see it in?

A

It is a metabolic dysregulation: These horses are considered “easy keepers” bc they continue to put on weight, they are obese and often have intermittent laminitis

Can have persistent hyperinsulinemia –> leading to insulin resistance

*often in adults less than 15 years old who are obese: body score 7 or greater on a 9 scale

14
Q

How do you treat equine metabolic syndrome?

A

Low glycemic indes diet: avoid green lush pastures
Exercise
*somtimes levothyroxine sodium

15
Q

T/F: Equine metabolic syndrome patients will typically have PPID (equine Cushing’s)

A

FALSE

16
Q

What is hyperlipemia?

A

A life threatening condition that often affects ponies, donkeys, and miniature horses: it is a sudden severe breakdown of body fat stores

17
Q

What is the survival rate of hyperlipemia?

A

56%

18
Q

What are the predisposing factors of hyperlipemia?

A

Obesity
Insulin resistance
Females>males (especially if they are pregnant or lactating)

19
Q

What are some precipitating factors to hyperlipemia?

A

Inadequate feed intake
stress - from feed change, transport, etc
pain
disease

20
Q

What clinical signs will you see in a patient with hyperlipemia?

A
May present like colic
Anorexia
dysphagia
pyrexia
encephalopathy
depression
weakness
abortion
****rapid weight loss
21
Q

How do you treat hyperlipemia?

A

First, you need to get the patient to eat - feeding tube if necessary. Want to use fresh palatable feeds or liquefied pelleted complete feeds for tube feeding

Terminate stress, fluid therapy, tx hypoglycemia

22
Q

What are some key factors thought to be involved in developmental orthopedic diseases in horses?

A

Rapid growth
Diet imbalance (too much energy, poor calcium to phos ratio, copper and since deficiencies)
Biomechanical stress or trauma (too much exercise)
Hormonal factors
Genetic predisposition *

23
Q

Epiphysitis is most common in what horses? What is it?

A

Most common in the thoroughbred race horse

Inflammation of the physis

24
Q

Where is the most common location of epiphysitis?

A

Distal radius and distal metacarpal III/Metatarsal III

25
Q

What is the treatment for epiphysititis?

A

Decreased nutritional plane - feed roughage only +/- mineral supplements
Rest
+/- NSAIDs
*self limiting when growth plate closes

26
Q

In severe cases, epiphysitis can lead to _________

A

Angular limb deformities

27
Q

How do you treat angular limb deformities?

A

Trimming/shoeing
Stall confinement
Surgery: Periosteal stripping or transphyseal bridging

28
Q

what are the most common angular limb deformities?

A

Distal radius and distal MCIII/MTIII

Carpal valgus and fetlock varus are the most common

29
Q

What locations do you most often see flexural limb deformities?

A
Distal interphalangeal joint (DIT)
Metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP)
Metatarsalphalangeal joint (MTP)
30
Q

What are the treatments available for flexural limb deformities?

A

Exercise, shoeing
Tenotomy (tendon)
Desmotomy (ligament)
Oxytetracycline: binds to calcium to weaken the collagen (need to monitor renal values while on this drug)

31
Q

What horses are more prone to have Osteochondorsis and OCD?

A

Standardbred and warmblood breeds

*disturbances in endochondral differentiation, proliferation, maturation, and ossification of fast growing animals

32
Q

What clinical signs will you in a horse with Osteochondorsis or OCD?

A

+/- Lameness

Joint effusion

33
Q

Where is the number one site for Osteochondorsis and OCD? What are other common sites?

A

1 - Distal tibia (intermediate ridge)

Lateral trochlear ridge of the femur

medial femoral condyle

34
Q

What horses are more prone to cervical vertebral malformation?

A

Thoroughbred, quarterhorse, morgan

Male > female (3:1)

35
Q

What clinical signs will you see in a horse with cervical vertebral malformation? What is the tx?

A

Ataxia

Tx = surgery - spinal fusion

36
Q

What should you feed an orphan foal?

A

Mare’s milk = best
Goat’s milk = ok - close to mare but may note constipation
Cow’s milk - less fat and more sugar (add dextrose or jelly pectin)
Commercial mare’s milk is available in powder and pellet