CNS and PNS**

Question 1

Where are the cranial meninges located?

Answer 1

Between bone and soft tissue

Question 2

What is the function of the cranial meninges?

Answer 2

Enclose and protect the brain and spinal cord

Question 3

Outermost layer membrane made of tough, white dense connective tissue. Contains many blood vessels

Answer 3

Dura mater

Question 4

Middle layer that is thin and has no blood vessels

Answer 4

Arachnoid mater

Question 5

Located between the arachnoid mater and pia mater in the subarachnoid space

Answer 5

CSF

Question 6

innermost membrane that is attached to the surface of the brain and spinal cord. Contains many vessels

Answer 6

Pia Mater

Question 7

Medical condition caused by inflammation of the meninges

Answer 7

Meningitis

Question 8

Provides physical stability and shock absorption for spinal cord; blood vessels within the meninges deliver oxygen and nutrients to the spinal cord

Answer 8

Spinal cord meninges

Question 9

What are 2 functions of the spinal cord?

Answer 9

Conduct nerve impulses, serving as the integration center for spinal reflexes

Question 10

Carries sensory information to the brain

Answer 10

Ascending tract

Question 11

Conduct motor impulses from the brain to the effector

Answer 11

Descending tracts

Question 12

Lies between the dura mater and walls of the vertebral canal

Answer 12

Epidural region

Question 13

What does the epidural region include?

Answer 13

Loose connective tissue, blood vessels, adipose tissue

Question 14

How many segments does the spinal cord consist of?

Answer 14

31

Question 15

What does a central canal contain?

Answer 15

CSF

Question 16

What is the CSF flow in order?

Answer 16

lateral ventricle, interventricular foramen, 3rd ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, 4th ventricle, central canal

Question 17

Specialized capillaries that secrete CSF into the ventricles; produces CSF

Answer 17

Choroid plexus

Question 18

CSF is removed form the subarachnoid space

Answer 18

Lumbar Puncture

Question 19

What can cross the blood brain barrier?

Answer 19

Lipid soluble compounds, uncharged oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules

Question 20

Where is the brainstem located?

Answer 20

Between the cerebrum and spinal cord

Question 21

Controls visceral activities

Answer 21

Medulla oblongata

Question 22

Relays information from medulla to cerebrum and maintain rhythm of breathing

Answer 22

Pons

Question 23

Visual and auditory reflex centers

Answer 23

Midbrain

Question 24

Provides timing for coordinated skeletal muscle activity; controls balance and equilibrium

Answer 24

Cerebellum

Question 25

Located between the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 25

Diencephalon

Question 26

Sensory impulses and general awareness of pain and touch

Answer 26

Thalamus

Question 27

Produce hormone melatonin that controls our circadian rhythms

Answer 27

Pineal gland

Question 28

Maintains homeostasis by regulating visceral activities, links endocrine and nervous system

Answer 28

Hypothalamus

Question 29

What are the 4 major lobes of the cerebrum?

Answer 29

Frontal, parietal, occipital,temporal

Question 30

Motor areas involved with control of voluntary muscles, concentration, planning, problem solving, home of personality

Answer 30

Frontal

Question 31

Sensory areas involved with cutaneous and other senses, understanding speech, using words

Answer 31

Parietal

Question 32

Interpretation of sensory experiences, memory of visual and auditory patterns

Answer 32

Temporal

Question 33

Combines visual images, visual recognition of objects

Answer 33

Occipital

Question 34

Controls language related abilities, movement on left side of the body

Answer 34

Right hemisphere

Question 35

Controls language related activities of speech, writing, reading, intellectual functions

Answer 35

Left hemisphere

Question 36

Mass of white matter in the brain composed of nerve fibers connecting the right and left hemispheres

Answer 36

Corpus Callosum

Question 37

Elevations on the brain

Answer 37

Gyrus

Question 38

Shallow grooves on the brain

Answer 38

Sulcus

Question 39

Consists of the cranial and spinal nerves that arise from the CNS and travel to the remainder of the body

Answer 39

PNS

Question 40

Cranial and spinal nerves that connect the CNS to skin and skeletal muscles; oversees conscious activity

Answer 40

Somatic nervous system

Question 41

Nerve fibers that connect the CNS to viscera, heart, glands, stomach, intestines; oversees unconscious activity

Answer 41

Autonomic nervous systme

Question 42

Prepares the body for energy expending, stressful for emergency situations; fight or flight respons

Answer 42

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 43

Portion of the PNS that functions without conscious effort, control visceral functions by regulating actions of smooth cardiac muscles and glands

Answer 43

Autonomic nervous system

Question 44

Counterbalances the effects of the sympathetic division and restores the body to a resting state following a stressful experience

Answer 44

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 45

Where is the choroid plexus located?

Answer 45

Behind pons and medulla oblongata

Question 46

What are the 4 major areas of the brain?

Answer 46

Brainstem, cerebellum, deincephalon, cerebrum

Question 47

What structures do the brainstem include?

Answer 47

Pons, midbrain, medulla oblongata

Question 48

What structures do the cerebrum include?

Answer 48

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

Question 49

What structures does the deincephalon include?

Answer 49

Thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland

Question 50

What are the 4 spinal nerves?

Answer 50

Cervical plexus, brachial plexus, intercostal nerves, lumbosacral plexus