Blood/Cardiovascular System** Flashcards
(123 cards)
1
Q
From the right side to lungs; sends deoxygenated blood to lungs to pick up oxygen and unload carbon dioxide
A
Pulmonary Circuit
2
Q
From the left side to the body; sends oxygen-rich blood and nutrients to all the body cells and removes wastes
A
Systemic Circuit
3
Q
What is the exception to the rules of arteries and veins?
A
Pulmonaries
4
Q
Carries blood away from the heart
A
Arteries
5
Q
Carries blood to the heart
A
Veins
6
Q
Do arteries bring oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
A
Oxygenated
7
Q
Do veins bring oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
A
Deoxygenated
8
Q
Divides the ventricles
A
Interventricular septum
9
Q
Divides the atriums
A
Interatrial septum
10
Q
What is the blood flow through the heart?
A
Superior/inferior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, semi-lunar pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic semi-lunar valve, aorta
11
Q
Abnormally low neutrophil count
A
Neutropenia
12
Q
Study of blood
A
Hematology
13
Q
General coagulation defect disorder
A
Hemophilia
14
Q
Clumping of cells
A
Aggulitination
15
Q
White blood cells
A
Leukocytes
16
Q
Process to stop bleeding
A
Hemostasis
17
Q
Oxygen-binding protein in red blood cells
A
Hemoglobin
18
Q
Heme waste product made by the liver
A
Bilirubin
19
Q
Red blood cells
A
Erythrocytes
20
Q
Also called gamma globulins or immunoglobins
A
Antibodies
21
Q
Major inflammatory granulocyte; releases histamine during inflammatory reactions
A
Basophil
22
Q
Most abundant white blood cell
A
Neutrophil
23
Q
Essential ion for coagulation
A
Calcium
24
Q
Specialized shape of red blood cells
A
Biconcave
25
Activated by tissue factor
Extrinsic coagulation pathway
26
Lack of intrinsic factor
Pernicious anemia
27
Major anti-helminth white blood cell; increases during allergic attacks
Eosinophil
28
Most abundant plasma proteins
Alumbins
29
Low hematocrit disorder
Anemia
30
Major positive accelerator for coagulation
Thrombin
31
Hormone that stimulates RBC production
Erythropoietin
32
After originating in bone marrow, may be formed in lymphoid tissue
Lymphocyte
33
What are the 3 granulocytes?
Basophils, Eosinophils, Neutrophils
34
Ions in blood plasma
Electrolytes
35
Largest white blood cell; migrates to tissue to become macrophage
Monocytes
36
Oxygen binding portion of hemoglobin
Heme
37
% by volume of RBCs in blood
Hematocrit
38
Fluid portion of blood including clotting factors
Plasma
39
Layer of WBC in centrifuged blood tube
Buffy coat
40
Process of blood clotting
Coagulation
41
pH of blood is slightly ______
Alkaline
42
Protein threads; structural basis of a clot
Fibrin
43
Fluid portion of blood without clotting factors
Serum
44
Organ that secretes erythropoietin
Kidney
45
Prevents Rh- mother from reacting to Rh+ fetus
Rhogam
46
Platelets
Thrombocyte
47
What 2 organs are major RBC recycling organs
Spleen and Liver
48
What 2 leukocytes are agranulocytes?
Monocyte and Lymphocyte
49
Mass of specialized cardiac muscle located in the right atrium and near the opening of the superior vena cava
SA node/ Sinatorial node
50
Mass of specialized cardiac muscle located in the atria and ventricule junction
AV node/ Atrioventricular node
51
Receives impulse from AV node; located in the upper part of the interventricular septum and divides in to right and left branches
Bundle of His
52
Spread from the interventricular septum into the papillary muscles; impulses result in a ventricular contraction
Purkinje fibers
53
Contraction phase of the heart cavity
Systole
54
Period of relaxation of the heart during which it fills with blood
Diastole
55
What is the normal sinus rhythm?
60-100 bpm
56
Abnormal or irregular heartbeat
Arrhythmia
57
Rapid uncoordinated shuddering of the heart muscle
Ventricular Fibrillation
58
Higher than normal heart rate
Tachycardia
59
Lower than normal heart rate
Bradycardia
60
Blood's turbulence from closure of AV's ventricles contract
Lubb sound
61
Blood turbulence from the closure of semi-lunar valves as ventricles relax
Dubb sound
62
Mass of merging fibers that act as a unit
Functional Synctium
63
Where are the function synctium located?
Atria and ventricles
64
Self-exciting mass of specialized cardiac muscle
Sinatorial Node
65
Signals the depolarization of the atria
P wave
66
Results from the depolarization of the ventricles
QRS complex
67
Repolarization of the ventricles
T wave
68
How many heartbeats are in a day?
100,000
69
How many heartbeats are in a lifetime?
2.5 billion
70
How many liters of blood are pumped in a day?
7,000
71
Where is the heart located?
Mediastinum
72
Dense connective tissue that covers the heart
Fibrous Pericardium
73
Tightly hugs the external surface of the heart and is part of the heart wall
Visceral pericardium
74
Reduces friction between membranes as the heart moves
Pericardial cavity
75
Forms the inner lining of the fibrous pericardium
Parietal pericardium
76
Outer layer of the heart
Epicardium
77
Middle layer of the heart that contains thick bundles of cardiac muscles
Myocardium
78
Inner layer of the heart that lines the chambers
Endocardium
79
Upper walled chambers of the heart; receiving chambers
Atria
80
Lower muscular walled chambers; pumping chambers of the heart
Ventricles
81
Fibrous strings that attach to cusps
Chordae tendinae
82
Between right ventricle and pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary valve
83
Between left atrium and left ventricle
Bicuspid valve
84
Heart attack
Myocardial infarction
85
Supply blood to the tissues of the heart
Coronary arteries
86
Alternate pathways that develop over time if a coronary artery is blocked
Collateral circuit
87
Drain blood that has passed through the myocardium and empty into the coronary sinus and into the right atrium
Cardiac veins
88
Short vessel that connects the aorta and pulmonary trunk
Ductus arteriosus
89
A flap like opening in the interarterial septum
Foramen ovale
90
Rank the leukocytes from most common to least common
Neutrophil, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Eosinophil, Basophil
91
Blood is pumped by the heart into body cavities
Open circulatory system
92
Blood is pumped by the heart through vessels and doesn't usually fill body cavities
Closed circulatory system
93
Has elastic, collagen fibers; outer coat of the arteries
Tunica external
94
The thickest layer of the arteries; has elastic fibers and smooth muscles, helps with vasoconstriction and vasodilation
Tunica media
95
Has the endothelium and basement membrane
Tunica interna
96
Has more elastic fibers and is thinner; pressure reservoir
Large arteries
97
Has more smooth muscles and is thicker; most vasodynamic
Medium arteries
98
Regulate blood into capillaries
Arterioles
99
Band of smooth muscle that adjusts blood flow into each capillary
Precapillary sphincter
100
Plaque build up on the insides of the arteries
Atherosclerosis
101
Consists of endothelium; smallest diameter blood vessel
Capillaries
102
What do capillaries connect?
Arterioles and venuoles
103
Force that blood exerts against the inner walls of blood vessels
Blood pressure
104
What are 5 things that affect blood pressure?
Sympathetic nerves, kidneys, temperature, chemicals, diet
105
Causes vasoconstriction
Sympathetic nerves
106
What chemicals are vasoconstrictors?
Epinephrine, nicotine
107
What chemicals are vasodilators?
Histamine, alcohol
108
Affects BP by altering blood volume
Kidneys
109
What type of temperature do you need to cause vasodilation?
Hot
110
What type of temperature do you need to cause vasoconstriction
Cold
111
Pressure at the peak of ventricular contraction
Systolic
112
Pressure when ventricles relax
Diastolic
113
What is the formula for blood pressure?
Systolic/diastolic
114
Recording of the electrical activity of the heart
Electrocardiogram
115
What is the equation for the cardiac output?
CO= heart rate x stroke volume
116
Want are some factors that can increase cardiac output?
Fear, epinephrine, thyroxine, exercise, activation of the sympathetic nervous system, low BP, fever
117
Why are valves present in veins but not in arteries?
Valves prevent the back flow of blood in veins
118
Expansion and recoil of an artery during heart activity
Pulse
119
Event primarily responsible for peripheral resistance
Constriction of Arterioles
120
Site where blood pressure determinations are normally made
Over Arteries
121
Sounds heard over a blood vessel when the vessel is partially compressed
Sounds of korotkoff
122
What is the intrinsic conduction pathway?
SA node, AV node, bundle of his, AV bundle branches, purkinje fibers
123
The critical factor that determines the force of heartbeat, or stroke volume, is the degree of stretch of the cardiac muscle just before it contracts
Starling's law
