Flashcards in Digestive System** Deck (68)
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1
Breaks down starch during mechanical digestion
Amylase
2
Where is amylase found?
Saliva
3
What helps with mechanical digestion?
Teeth
4
Series of muscular contractions
Peristalsis
5
Mixing food with saliva
Bolus
6
Watery mixture of stomach fluids and food
Chyme
7
Kills bacteria and activates pepsin
HCl
8
Helps to break down protein
Pepsin
9
What 2 things does the stomach absorb?
Water and alcohol
10
The stomach is a common site for this disease
Ulcers
11
What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
12
Finger like projections in the small intestine
Villi
13
Keeps the small intestines together
Mesentary
14
What are the functions of the small intestine?
Chemical digestion and absorption
15
Also known as the colon
Large intestine
16
What are the 4 parts of the colon?
Ascending, traverse, descending, rectal
17
What is the function of the large intestine?
Removal of water form waste material
18
Not enough removal of water from waste
Diarrhea
19
Too much water removed from waste
Constipation
20
What accessory organ produces bile?
Liver
21
What does bile break down?
Fat, carbs, proteins, detoxes alcohol
22
What does the pancreas secrete?
Insulin and pancreatic juices
23
What is the function of the pancreas?
Produce insulin to regulate blood sugar levels, produce pancreatic juices to break down nutrients, produce sodium bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid
24
Breaking food down into simpler chemicals
Chemical digestion
25
Breaking larger pieces into smaller pieces without changing the chemical composition
Mechanical digestion
26
What are the 4 layers of the alimentary canal?
Mucosa, submucosa, muscular, serosa
27
How many primary teeth are there?
20
28
How many secondary teeth are there?
32
29
What are teeth made of?
Enamel, dentin, pulp, cementum, nerves, blood vessels
30
What is the function of the uvula?
Close off the nasal cavity during swallowing
31
What does the saliva break down?
Food particles and carbohydrate digestion
32
What does the rate at which the stomach empties depends upon?
Fluidity of the chyme and type of food
33
Stimulates the release of pancreatic juice with a high bicarbonate ion concentration
Secretin
34
Stimulates the release of pancreatic juice with abundant digestive enzymes
Cholecystokinin
35
Major energy source
Carbohydrate
36
Carbohydrate % of diet
55%
37
Breaking food down into simpler chemicals
Chemical digestion
38
Breaking larger pieces into smaller pieces without changing the chemical composition
Mechanical digestion
39
What are the 4 layers of the alimentary canal?
Mucosa, submucosa, muscular, serosa
40
How many secondary teeth are there?
32
41
What are teeth made of?
Enamel, dentin, pulp, cementum, nerves, blood vessels
42
What is the function of the uvula?
Close off the nasal cavity during swallowing
43
What does the saliva break down?
Food particles and carbohydrate digestion
44
What does the rate at which the stomach empties depends upon?
Fluidity of the chyme and type of food
45
Stimulates the release of pancreatic juice with abundant digestive enzymes
Cholecystokinin
46
Major energy source
Carbohydrate
47
Carbohydrate % of diet
55%
48
How many primary teeth are there?
20
49
Stimulates the release of pancreatic juice with a high bicarbonate ion concentration
Secretin
50
Stimulates the release of pancreatic juice with abundant digestive enzymes
Cholecystokinin
51
Calories/gram of carbohydrates?
4
52
What are some sources of carbohydrates?
Fruits, sugar, honey, grain, pasta, potato, bread
53
Calories/gram of protein?
4
54
Calories/gram of fat?
9
55
Calories/gram of water?
0
56
Calories/gram of vitamins?
0
57
Calories/gram of minerals?
0
58
Helps in growth and repair
Proteins
59
% of protein in diet?
30%
60
What are some sources of protein?
Meat, eggs, fish, beans, grains
61
Production of cell membranes, nervous tissue, hormones, protection and insulation
Fat
62
% of fat in diet?
15%
63
What are some sources of fat?
Lard, animal fat, butter, oil
64
Regulates body processes
Vitamins
65
What are some sources of vitamins?
Milk, fruits, vegetables
66
Inorganic nutrients that the body needs for functions
Minerals
67
What are some sources of minerals?
Table salt
68
