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Flashcards in Stem Cells Deck (23)
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0
Q

Unspecialized cells; not sure what they want to be

A

Stem cells

1
Q

What are differentiated cells?

A

Carry out certain functions

2
Q

What does it mean to differentiate?

A

Become more specialized

3
Q

What is the primary goal of stem cell research?

A

To grow different functioning cells. Understand what goes wrong when disease occurs

4
Q

Formed as a normal part of embryonic development

A

Embryonic stem cells

5
Q

What are the benefits of the embryonic stem cells?

A

Can be grown into any cell, source of treating diseases

6
Q

What is controversial about the embryonic stem cell?

A

Cells are still alive

7
Q

Exist naturally in the body

A

Somatic stem cells

8
Q

What are the benefits of somatic stem cells?

A

Can be transplanted from patient to donor without drugs, can become a subset of related cell types

9
Q

Where can you get somatic stem cells from?

A

Bone marrow, blood, brain, muscle, gut, heart, skin

10
Q

What are the disadvantages of somatic cells?

A

Difficult to isolate and grow in culture

11
Q

Created in lab by reprogramming a patient’s cell

A

Induced pluripotent stem cells

12
Q

What are induced pluripotent cells made from?

A

Skin and cells that produce connective tissue

13
Q

What are the benefits of induced pluripotent cells?

A

Can become any cell in the body, can be a promising source of cells to treat diseases, no danger to immune system rejecting cell, less expensive

14
Q

Directs the sequence of events that turn a blob of cells into any embryo with specialized tissues and organs

A

Gastrulation

15
Q

How do cells in different parts of the embryo become different kinds of cells and organs?

A

Location, DNA

16
Q

Have directions to make proteins when turned on

A

Genes

17
Q

What kinds of proteins are found in different cells and organs?

A

Collagen, keratin, crystalin, actin, myosin, hemoglobin

18
Q

Tells cells which kinds of proteins to make

A

DNA

19
Q

What is he relationship between DNA, genes and proteins produced in cells?

A

DNA is wrapped around protein, DNA tells genes what to turn on and genes tell what proteins are needed to be made

20
Q

How might a stem cell be used to treat a disease?

A

Scaffolding

21
Q

What are embryonic stem cells referred to as because of their ability to become any cell they want?

A

Pluripotent

22
Q

What are somatic cells referred to as because they are less flexible in their ability to become any cell they want?

A

Multipotent