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Anatomy and Physiology > Respiratory System** > Flashcards

Respiratory System** Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

Smallest conducting respiratory passageways

A

Bronchioles

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2
Q

Separates the oral and nasal cavities

A

Palate

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3
Q

Major nerve that stimulates the diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve

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4
Q

Food passageway posterior to the trachea

A

Esophagus

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5
Q

Closes off the larynx during swallowing

A

Epiglottis

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6
Q

Windpipe

A

Trachea

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7
Q

Actual site of gas exchange

A

Alveoli

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8
Q

Pleural layer covering the thorax walls

A

Parietal pleura

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9
Q

Pleural layer covering the lungs

A

Visceral pleura

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10
Q

Lumen of the larynx

A

Glottis

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11
Q

Fleshy lobes in the nasal cavity which increase its surface area

A

Conchae

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12
Q

Pressure of air outside the body

A

Atmospheric pressure

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13
Q

What is the general function of the respiratory system?

A

Transport gases to and from the circulatory system

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14
Q

Exchanges gases

A

Respiration

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15
Q

Breakdown of glucose in the body using oxygen

A

Cellular respiration

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16
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have? Left?

A

3; 2

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17
Q

A double membrane surrounding the lungs; secretes a mucus that decreases friction

A

Pleura

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18
Q

Why are ribs expandable?

A

They aren’t completely ossified

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19
Q

What are the 7 openings in the throat cavity?

A

1 to esophagus, 1 to larynx, 1 to mouth, 2 nasal passages, 2 eustachian tubes

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20
Q

What are the functions of the nostrils?

A

Filter out dust, warm and moisten air

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21
Q

What are the 3 actions to inspiration?

A

Ribs expand, diaphragm down, pressure decreases

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22
Q

What are the 3 actions to expiration?

A

Ribs contract, diaphragm up, pressure increases

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23
Q

What is the regular breathing rate?

A

12-24 breaths/minute

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24
Q

What controls your breathing rate?

A

Medulla

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25
How does high levels of carbon dioxide affect your breathing rate?
Causes you to inhale and exhale faster
26
What is the respiration flow?
Nose/throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, blood, cells
27
Tiny sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged
Alveoli
28
Maximum amount of air that the lungs can hold
Maximum lung capacity
29
Maximum amount of air that a person can inhale/exhale
Vital lung capacity
30
What are the percentages of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide that you inhale?
78%, 21%, .04%
31
What are the percentages of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide that you exhale?
78%, 15%, 5-6%
32
What makes up the upper respiratory tract?
Nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx
33
What makes up the lower respiratory tract?
Larynx, trachea, lungs, bronchial tree
34
Divides the nasal cavity
Nasal septum
35
Bones that curl out of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
Nasal conchae
36
What are the functions of the nasal conchae?
Support the mucus membrane and increase surface ares
37
Reduce the weight of the skull and are resonant chambers that affect the quality of the voice
Paranasal sinuses
38
What is the function of the false vocal cords?
Close airway during swallowing
39
Common passageway for food traveling and air passing; aids in producing sounds for speech
Pharynx
40
What is the function of the true vocal cords?
Vibrations between these produce sound waves
41
Triangular slit where air passes through
Glottis
42
Why are the cartilage rings around the trachea incomplete?
Prevents the trachea from collapsing and blocking the airway
43
What keeps the alveoli from sticking to each other?
Surfactant
44
The measurement of different air volumes
Spirometry
45
Amount of air that leaves the lungs in one respiratory cycle
Tidal volume
46
During forced inspiration, an additional volume can be inhaled into the lungs
Inspiratory reserve volume
47
Volume that can be exhaled during forced breathing in addition to tidal volume
Expiratory reserve volume
48
Volume that remains in lungs after maximal expiration
Residual volume
49
How do you find the vital capacity?
Tidal volume + inspiratory + expiratory
50
How do you find the inspiratory capacity?
Tidal volume + inspiratory
51
Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled following exhalation of tidal volume
Inspiratory capacity
52
Volume of air that remains in lungs following exhalation and tidal volume
Functional residual capacity
53
How do you find the functional residual capacity?
Expiratory reserve volume + residual volume
54
Total volume of air the lungs can hold
Total lung capacity
55
What are 3 things that can affect breathing?
Chemicals, lung tissue stretching, emotional state
56
Breathing can also be called _________
respiration
57
What happens to the internal volume and pressure of the thorax, the size of lungs when the diaphragm is contracted?
Increase, decrease, increase
58
What is the direction of the air flow when the diaphragm contracts?
Goes into the lung
59
What happens to the internal volume and pressure of the thorax and the size of the lungs when the diaphragm is relaxed?
Decrease, increase, decrease
60
What is the direction of the air flow when the diaphragm is relaxed?
Out of lung
61
Lack or cessation of breathing
Apnea
62
Normal breathing in therms of rate and depth
Eupnea
63
Labored breathing or air hunger
Dyspnea
64
Chronic oxygen deficiency
Hypoxia
65
Condition characterized by fibrosis of the lungs and an increase in size of the alveolar chambers
Emphysema
66
Increased mucus production, which clogs respiratory passageways and promotes coughing
Chronic bronchitis
67
Respiratory passageways narrowed by bronchiolar spasms
Asthma
68
Incidence strongly associated with cigarette smoking
Lung cancer
69
Infection spread by airborne bacteria; a recent alarming increase in drug users and AIDS victims
Tuberculosis

Anatomy and Physiology (33 decks)

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