Senses**

Question 1

The sense of smell supplements the sense of ________.

Answer 1

Taste

Question 2

Epithelial cells; free ends extend between epithelial cells. Sense itching

Answer 2

Free nerve endings

Question 3

Small oval masses of flattened connective tissue; detects changes in pressure or movement

Answer 3

Meissner’s corpuscles (mechanoreceptors)

Question 4

Composed of connective tissue and nerve fibers; Found in deep dermal and subcutaneous tissue; responds to pressure

Answer 4

Pacinian corpuscles

Question 5

Responds to temperature

Answer 5

Temperature Senses

Question 6

Detects tissue damage

Answer 6

Pain receptors

Question 7

What is the pathway for smell?

Answer 7

Smell receptor, cilia, axon, olfactory bulb, olfactory tract, limbic senses, thalamus

Question 8

How does saliva contribute to the perception of taste?

Answer 8

Chemicals must be dissolved in water in order to be tasted

Question 9

Describe the nerve pathway for taste

Answer 9

Travels on the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves. They then travel to the medulla and cerebrum

Question 10

What is the function of the external ear?

Answer 10

Collect sound waves and produces vibrations of the sound wave

Question 11

Describe the hearing pathway

Answer 11

Sound waves enter the external auditory meatus, sound waves cause the eardrum to vibrate, vibrations are carried across the middle ear by the malleus, incus, stapes to the oval window. Vibrations cause the stapes to move in and out causing the cochlea to move. Tiny fibers cause a vibration in the hearing receptors which stimulate the nerves. The nerves send messages to the temporal lobe where sounds are interpreted.

Question 12

Why does it help to chew gum while descending on an airplane?

Answer 12

Makes the pressure in ear at equlibrium

Question 13

What is the function of the inner ear?

Answer 13

Transfer sound waves/ vibrations and to maintain equlibrium

Question 14

What are the 4 layers of the eyelid?

Answer 14

Skin, muscle, connective tissue, conjunctiva

Question 15

Which muscles move the eyelid?

Answer 15

Ocularis oculi and Levator palpebrae

Question 16

A mucous membrane that lines the inner surfaces of the eyelids and folds back to cover the anterior surface of the eyeball

Answer 16

Conjunctiva

Question 17

Function is to moisten and lubricate the surface of the eye and lining of the lids

Answer 17

Lacrimal apparatus

Question 18

What is the lacrimal apparatus consist of?

Answer 18

Lacrimal glands and a series of ducts that carries tears into the nasal cavity

Question 19

Antibacterial agent which reduces the risk of eye infections

Answer 19

Lysozyme

Question 20

Rotates eye upwards and toward midline

Answer 20

Superior/inferior rectus

Question 21

Rotate eye towards midline

Answer 21

Medial/lateral rectus

Question 22

Rotate eye downward and away from the midline

Answer 22

Superior/inferior oblique

Question 23

Absorb light (doesn’t differentiate color, only shades of gray)

Answer 23

Rods

Question 24

Where are rods present?

Answer 24

Peripheral areas of retina

Question 25

Absorb light of particular wavelength (red, green, blue)

Answer 25

Cones

Question 26

Where are cones present?

Answer 26

Fovea area

Question 27

Light absorbing pigment consisting of opsin and retinal

Answer 27

Rhodopsin

Question 28

Detect light energy

Answer 28

Photoreceptors

Question 29

Describe the nerve pathway for smell

Answer 29

When olfactory receptors are stimulated, their fibers synapse with neurons in the olfactory lobes. Sensory impulses are first analyzed here and then down the olfactory tract to the limbic system and to the temporal lobe

Question 30

The whites of the eyes; functions as protective and supportive layer and an area for extrinsic muscle attachment

Answer 30

Sclera

Question 31

Transparent cover of the eye; function is to focus images onto the lens

Answer 31

Cornea

Question 32

Dark layer of the eye; function is to prevent backscattering of light

Answer 32

Choroid

Question 33

The space between the cornea and the iris. Chamber is filled with aqueous humor which is thought to be formed by the ciliary body

Answer 33

Anterior chamber

Question 34

Clear fluid that nourishes the cornea and lens; helps to maintain shape of the eye

Answer 34

Aqueous humor

Question 35

Extends forward form the choroid coat and forms an internal ring around the front of the eye

Answer 35

Ciliary body

Question 36

The colored parts of the eye; a thin diaphragm composed mostly of connective tissue and smooth muscle fibers and contains the pupils

Answer 36

Iris

Question 37

Circular opening in the center of the iris where light goes through

Answer 37

Pupil

Question 38

The space between the suspensory ligament and the iris

Answer 38

Posterior chamber

Question 39

A transparent jelly-like substance that fills the posterior cavity of the eyeball. Functions to distend the sclera, support the retina, and maintain the spherical shape of the eye

Answer 39

Vitreous humor

Question 40

Transparent, biconvex structure that focuses light on the retina

Answer 40

Lens

Question 41

Adjusts thickness of lens to focus light

Answer 41

Accomidation

Question 42

A nearly transparent sheet of tissue that is continuous with the optic nerves and contains photoreceptors

Answer 42

Retina

Question 43

Often referred to as the blind spot; the spot where nerve fibers and blood vessels make their exit from the eye and does not contain rods or cones

Answer 43

Optic disc

Question 44

A semicircular area of bright, lustrous tissue occupying a considerable portion of the optic nerve. An adaptation for vision in limited light

Answer 44

Tapetum lucidum

Question 45

What happens if there is damage before the chiasma?

Answer 45

Damage on the same side

Question 46

What happens if there is damage after the chiasma?

Answer 46

Damage on the same side

Question 47

What happens if there is damage in the chiasma?

Answer 47

Damage on both sides

Question 48

Flattened connective tissue sheaths surrounding two or more nerve fibers and are abundant in hairless areas that are very sensitive to touch

Answer 48

Tactile corpuscles

Question 49

Large structures of connective tissue and cells that resembles the layers of an onion. Function to detect deep pressure

Answer 49

Lamellated corpuscles

Question 50

Do temperature receptors adapt quickly?

Answer 50

Yes

Question 51

Do pain receptors adapt quickly?

Answer 51

No

Question 52

Do olfactory receptors adapt quickly?

Answer 52

Yes

Question 53

Do taste receptors adapt quickly?

Answer 53

Yes

Question 54

Functions to both hold the lens in shape and change the lens size to acommodate for near or far vision

Answer 54

Suspensory ligament

Question 55

Muscles in the iris that constrict

Answer 55

Circular muscle

Question 56

Muscles in the iris that dilate

Answer 56

Radial muscle

Question 57

The ability to sense the position and location and orientation and movement of the body and its parts

Answer 57

Proprioreception

Question 58

Senses change in the chemical concentration of substances

Answer 58

Chemoreceptors