Flashcards in Cognition Deck (70)
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1
three-box/information-processing model
sensory, encoding, short-term/working, long-term and retrieval
2
George Sperling
demonstrated sensory memory by flashing a grid of 9 letters for 1/20th of a second
3
sensory memory
a split-second holding tank for incoming sensory information
4
iconic memory
a split-second perfect photograph of a scene
5
echoic memory
a split-second perfect memory of a sound
6
selective attention
determines what is encoded from sensory memory to short-term memory
7
short-term (working) memory
memories currently using and are aware of in consciousness
8
chunking
grouping items in about 7
9
mnemonic aids
memory aids
10
rehearse
repeat
11
long-term memory
permanent storage
12
episodic memory
memories of specific events, stored in a sequential series of events
13
semantic memory
general knowledge of the world, stored as facts, meanings, or categories rather than sequentially
14
procedural memory
memories of skills and how to perform them
15
explicit (declarative) memory
conscious memories of facts or events we actively tried to remember
16
implicit (nondeclarative) memory
unintentional memories that we might not even realize we have
17
eidetic (photographic) memory
the ability to remember with great accuracy visual information on the basis of short-term exposure
18
Alexandra Luria
studied a patient with eidetic memory who could repeat a list of 70 letters or digits and remember it up to 15 years later
19
levels of processing model
- long/short-term memory doesn't exist
20
retrieval
two types of retrieval: recognition and recall
21
recognition
the process of matching a current event or fact with one already in memory
22
recall
retrieving a memory with an external cue
23
primacy effect
predicts that we are more likely to recall items presented at the beginning of a list
24
recency effect
predicts that we are more likely to recall items presented at the end of a list
25
serial position effect (curve)
when recall of a list is affected by the order of items in a list
26
tip-of-the-tongue-phenomenon
condition of being almost, but not quite, able to remember something; used to investigate the nature of semantic memory
27
semantic network theory
memories are linked to one another like spiderwebs
28
flashbulb memory
highly detailed memory of the moment and circumstances in which a piece of surprising news is heard
29
state-dependent memory
recalling events encoded while in a particular state of consciousness, like sleepiness
30
