Flashcards in Social Psychology Deck (92)
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1
social cognition
how people think about themselves and the social world; more specifically, how people select, interpret, remember, and use social information to make judgments and decisions
2
attitude
set of beliefs and feelings
3
mere exposure effect
the more one is exposed to something, the more one will come to like it
4
LaPiere study
discovered that although people had bad attitudes towards Asians, they still treated them well
5
cognitive dissonance theory
the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes
6
Festinger and Carlsmith experiment
Subjects asked to perform a boring task and then lie to the next subject that it was fun. One group was paid $1 and the other group was paid $20. The group paid $1 said that the boring task was fun, because they didn't have much of an external motivation to lie.
7
compliance strategies
strategies to get others to comply with your wishes
8
foot-in-the-door
if you can get people to agree to a small request, they will become more likely to agree to a follow-up request that is larger
9
door-in-the-face
after people refuse a large reques, hey will look more favorably upon a follow-up request that seems, in comparison, much more reasonable
10
norms of reciprocity
if someone does something nice for you, you feel obligated to do something nice for them
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attribution theory
how people determine the cause ofwhat they observe
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dispositional/person attribution
personality traits; Charley did well on a math test because he is good at math
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situation attribution
situational influence; Charley did well on a math test because the test was easy
14
Harold Kelley
put forth a theory that explains the kind of attributions people make based on three kinds of information: consistency, distinctiveness, and consensus
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consistency
how similarly the individual acts in the same situation over time
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distinctiveness
how similar this situation is to other situations in which we have watched the individual
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consensus
how other people acted in the same situation
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self-fulfilling prophecy
an expectation that causes others to act in ways that make that expectation come true
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Rosenthal and Jacobsen's experiment
Pygmalion in the Classroom
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fundamental attribution error
people in individualist cultures systematically seem to overestimate the role of dispositional factors in influencing another person's actions
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false-consensus effect
the tendency of people to overestimate the number of people who agree with them
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self-serving bias
the endency to take more credit for good outcomes than for bad ones
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just-world belief
misfortunes befall people who deserve them
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stereotypes
ideas about what members of different groups are like, and these expectations may influence the way we interact with members of these groups
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prejudice
an undeserved, usually negative, attitude toward a group of people
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discrimination
unfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of prejudice
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in-group
people of their own group, seen as more diverse than people of out-groups
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out-group
people of other groups, seen as more homogeneous than people of in-groups
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in-group bias
people have a preference for members of their own group
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