DIT Neuro 2 Flashcards
(44 cards)
Lower motor neuron lesion symptom vs upper?
Lower: flaccid paralysis, atrophy and fasciculations (b/c anticipate signal) (hyporeflexive b/c no ark)
Upper lesions: spastic paralysis and hyperreflexive
How does signal get to the deep cerebellar nuclei?
inputs from Mossy and Climbing fibers
to other stuff
To PURKINJE (know those three cells)
To deep nuclei of cerebellum
Where is the major output pathway of cerebellum going?
Ventral Lateral nucleus of thalamus (via superior cerebellar peduncle)
What side of body is affected by left side of cerebellum?
Left side (ipsilateral)
path is to right thalamus, cortex, corticospinal tract which decussates to the left body again
What does Romberg test?
Proprioception (Tabes dorsalis)
What are the three input to cerebellum? What nuclei do they go through?
Nuclei: D E G F (F is in middle)
Vestibulocerebellum is F (middle)
Spinocerebellum is EG and F
Cerebroccerebellum is D
Vermis and peravermis issue causes what?
Postural instability (core of body affected), slurred and slow speech
Spinocerebellum
3 kinds of tremors? Cause for each?
Essential (fam history and always tremor)
Resting: parkinsons and gone with movement
Intention: cerebellar damage with involuntary movement (cerbrocerebellum issue (lateral hemisphere)
Lesion of substantia pars compact?
Lesion of subthalamic nucleus?
Parkinsons
Hemibalismus
Mnemnoic for parkinson drugs?
BALSA
Bromocriptine (ergot, vasoconstrict) pramiproxal and ropinerol
Amantadine more dopa release
Levadopa/carbidopa
Selegiline: stopes monoamine oxidase (pref dopamine)
Antimuscarinic (Benztropine Park my Benz)
Huntington mnemonic? 2 of them
CAG. Caudate loses ACh and GABA
C’s
CAG repeat Chromsome Cuatro Chorea Cognitive decline Caudate
Huntington Tx? 2 types of drugs
tetrabenazine and reserpine (inhibit monoamine transport)
Haloperidol and clozapine
What causes:
Hemiballismus?
Chorea
Athetosis?
Hemiballismus: one half body jerks out: contralateral subthal nucleus (lacunar stroke, its a contralateral lesion)
Chorea: huntington
Athetosis: slow writhing movements in hands and fingers: Huntington again
What does polio hit? What is werdnig hoffmann disease?
LMN b/c destroy anterior horns
What does MS affect in spinal cord?
Random demyelination.
Scanning speech, inanition tremor, internuclear opthalgia (MLF lesion: adduction paralysis ipsilateral and abduction nystagmus)
What does amyotrophic lateral sclerosis affect on spinal cord?
Cause?
Tx?
ALS is upper and motor neuron lesion.
IN TACT sensory and not dumb
Lateral spinal tract
Anterior horn
So lots of symptoms: eventually can’t breath.
Caused by superoxide Dismutase 1 defect.
Tx is riLOUzole for Lou Gerig (not curative, but dampens affect)
Describe Friedrich ataxia?
trinucleotide repeat
Freidriech is Fratastic (fratazxin): FRAT bro always STAGGERINg, FALLINg, but has BIG HEART
Sensory loss b/c iron binding issues in mitochondria. Presents in kids. Chromosome 9
Mnemonic for Ataxia telangiectasia?
A disease ATM gene (double strand break repair)
Ataxia, Angiomas, igA deficiency Afp is high
Ataxia from cerebellar defect
Erb duchenne palsy?
Erber (upper trunk: C5-6) from babies being born who are too big and stretches roots.
Waiter tip.
suprascapular, musculocutaneous, axillary
Will get function back if just distocia.
Klumpke palsy?
KLumpke cause KLaw hand
Look at more brachial plexus
ok
How do you injure femoral nerve? What is consequence?
Pelvic fracture (L2-4)
Loww of hip flexion and extension (loss of sensation to anterior thigh and medial leg)
How do you injure obturator? What is consequence?
Anteriorhip displasion, loss of
Medial thigh sensation
loss of adduction
How do you injure superior gluteal nerve?
Consequence?
Posterior dislocation
Hip abduction and medial rotation of thigh
Polio can do it Tradelenberg gate (Teri Ache) and hip drop when standing on injured leg (THE NONINJURED SIDE DROPS b/c gluts can't keep body level)
