Elbow, Wrist, Hand

Question 1

3 bones of the elbow

Answer 1

• humerus
• radius
• ulna

Question 2

What side is the ulna on?

Answer 2

Pinky side

Question 3

What side is the radius on?

Answer 3

Thumb side

Question 4

Bony landmarks of the elbow

Answer 4

• medial and lateral epicondyles (humerus)
• olecranon process (ulna)
• head of the radius

Question 5

Elbow ligaments

Answer 5

• ulnar collateral ligament (similar to MCL)
• radial collateral ligament (similar to LCL)
• annular ligament

Question 6

UCL

Answer 6

Connects medial side of humerus to ulna

Question 7

RCL

Answer 7

Connects lateral side of humerus to radius

Question 8

Annular ligament

Answer 8

Wraps around the head of the radius and holds it in place during forearm pronation

Question 9

Biceps and triceps function

Answer 9

Primary elbow flexor and extensors

Question 10

Where do wrist and finger flexor originate?

Answer 10

Medial epicondyle of humerus

Question 11

Where do wrist and finger extensors originate?

Answer 11

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Question 12

Where is the ulnar nerve?

Answer 12

Medially thru ulnar groove

Question 13

Other elbow structures

Answer 13

Olecranon bursa

Question 14

Where do elbow flexion and extension occur?

Answer 14

Hinge joint between humerus and ulna

Question 15

Forearm pronation and supination function

Answer 15

Rotational component of radius and humerus

Question 16

What meets to form the wrist joint

Answer 16

Distal radius and ulna meet the proximal carpal bones

Question 17

How many carpal bones are there?

Answer 17

8

Question 18

What are the carpal bones?

Answer 18

• scaphoid (navicular)
• lunate
• triquetral
• pisiform
• trapezium
• trapezoid
• capitate
• hamate

Question 19

How many metacarpals?

Answer 19

5

Question 20

How many phalanges?

Answer 20

14

Question 21

Carpal tunnel

Answer 21

A small space on the anterior surface of the wrist that has tendons, nerves, and blood supplies running through it

Question 22

What can cause carpal tunnel symptoms in hands?

Answer 22

If tendons or sheaths get inflamed, pressure on medial nerve or blood vessel

Question 23

6 wrist motions

Answer 23

• flexion
• extension
• radial deviation (thumb lower)
• ulnar deviation (thumb higher)
• pronation
• supination

Question 24

Finger anatomy

Answer 24

• flexor and extensor tendons running to each digit (extensor on top)
• collateral ligaments around each IP joint

Question 25

Injuries to wrist elbow and finger

Answer 25

- fractures - dislocation - sprain - strains - Tendinitis - bursitis

Question 26

What causes strain?

Answer 26

Excessive force on muscle or tendon

Question 27

Lateral epicondylitis

Answer 27

- tennis elbow | - inflammation of wrist/ hand extensors at lateral epicondyle

Question 28

Medial epicondylitis

Answer 28

- "pitchers elbow" or "little league elbow" | - inflammation of wrist/ finger flexor muscles at medial epicondyle

Question 29

Symptoms of strains, tennis elbow, and pitchers elbow

Answer 29

- Point tenderness | - pain with muscle activation and with muscle stretch

Question 30

What causes a UCL sprain?

Answer 30

Overstretch of ligament fibers by traumatic valgus force

Question 31

Where are UCL injuries common?

Answer 31

Pitching

Question 32

What is the recovery for UCL sprain?

Answer 32

Tommy john surgery

Question 33

Olecranon bursitis

Answer 33

Usually caused by direct blow to area and the bursa becomes irritates and swells

Question 34

What is the most commonly injured carpal?

Answer 34

Scaphoid

Question 35

What causes a carpal fracture?

Answer 35

FOOSH

Question 36

Why are carpal fractures susceptible to avascular necrosis?

Answer 36

Poor blood supply

Question 37

Where is pain in carpal fracture?

Answer 37

Anatomical snuffbox

Question 38

What causes strain or tendinitis?

Answer 38

Chronic/ overuse or traumatic force

Question 39

What causes ligament sprains?

Answer 39

FOOSH

Question 40

Symptoms of ligament sprains?

Answer 40

- pain - swelling - loss of strength - loss of ROM - instability

Question 41

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 41

Inflammation of one or more of the structures in the carpal tunnel, usually leading to neurological irritation and symptoms due to compression of the median nerve

Question 42

Symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 42

- numbness and tingling in the hand | - loss of strength in hand musculature

Question 43

How to treat carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 43

Treat conservatively with RICE, NSAIDs, splinting | -injection and surgery if necessary

Question 44

Mallet finger

Answer 44

-extensor tendon avulsion causing inability to extend tip of finger

Question 45

Jersey finger

Answer 45

Avulsion of flexor tendon causing inability to flex distal tip of finger

Question 46

Boutinneire deformity

Answer 46

Disruption of extensor tendons causing PIP flexion and DIP in extension

Question 47

Finger sprains or dislocations

Answer 47

Damage to the collateral ligaments of IP joints | "Jammed finger"

Question 48

Symptoms of finger sprains

Answer 48

- pain - swelling - possibly deformity - possible pain with ROM and strength testing

Question 49

Treatment of finger injuries

Answer 49

- Surgery is not usually necessary unless fracture will not heal well conservatively - reduce dislocations and splint fractures

Question 50

What is important in treating finger injuries?

Answer 50

Identify early

Question 51

How should finger be splinted?

Answer 51

Position to promote healing of involved structure

Question 52

Why is it important to catch finger injuries early?

Answer 52

After acute phase, some injuries will not heal correctly if not identified and splinted correctly

Question 53

other treatment of finger injuries

Answer 53

- buddy taping - splinting - RICE - NSAIDs