Flashcards in The Knee Part 1: Exam 3 Deck (36):
1
What type of joint is the knee?
Hinge with rotational component
2
What stabilizes the knee?
-ligaments
-joint capsule
-muscles
3
What is the knee designed for?
Stability with weight bearing and mobility in locomotion
4
2 joints of the knee
-tibiofemoral
-patellofemoral
5
Bones in the tibiofemoral joint
-tibia
-femur
6
Actions of the tibiofemoral joint
-flexion and extension
-little rotation
7
Bones of the patellofemoral joint
-patella
-femur
8
Actions of the patellofemoral joint
-gliding
9
Appearance of the meniscus
Wedge
10
Shape of medial meniscus
C shape
11
Shape of lateral meniscus
O shape
12
Function of meniscus
-shock absorption
-stabilization
13
Extracapsular ligaments
-Medial Collateral Ligament
-Lateral Collateral Ligament
(Outside of capsule)
14
Intracapsular ligaments
-Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
-Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
(Inside capsule)
15
Tendons of the knee
-quadriceps
-patella (ligament)
16
Retinaculum
Connective tissue that holds down tendons
17
Where is the quadriceps group?
Anterior surface of the leg
18
4 muscles in the quads group
-rectus femoris
-vastus medialis
-vastus lateralis
-Vastus intermedius
19
What do these 4 muscles feed into?
One tendon
20
What is the quad group responsible for?
Knee extension
21
Where is the hamstring group?
Posterior surface of the leg
22
What is the hamstring group responsible for?
Knee flexion
23
What are the 3 muscles of the hamstring group?
-Bicep femoris (lateral)
-semitendinosis (medial)
-semimembranosus (medial)
24
What is critical in assessing a knee injury?
Determining the mechanism of the injury
25
Observing a knee injury
-walking, squatting, going up and down stairs
-swelling, ecchymosis
-leg alignment
-knee symmetry
-leg length
26
tests for the knee
-manual muscle tests
-special tests
-neurological
27
Special tests for the knee
*joint stability
-ligament
-meniscus
28
Neurological tests
-sensation
-foot drop
-reflexes
29
Translation
Refers to the glide of tibial plateau relative to the femoral condyles
30
What does knee laxity include?
Straight and rotary instability
31
What increases as the damage to stabilizing structures increases?
Laxity and translation
32
Special tests for knee instability
-use endpoint feel
-MRI
-Classification of joint instability
33
Q-angle
Lines which bisect the patella relative to the ASIS and the tibial tubercle
34
What is the normal Q-angle for females?
15 degrees
35
Normal Q-angle for males
10 degrees
36