The Knee Part 1: Exam 3

Question 1

What type of joint is the knee?

Answer 1

Hinge with rotational component

Question 2

What stabilizes the knee?

Answer 2

• ligaments
• joint capsule
• muscles

Question 3

What is the knee designed for?

Answer 3

Stability with weight bearing and mobility in locomotion

Question 4

2 joints of the knee

Answer 4

• tibiofemoral

- patellofemoral

Question 5

Bones in the tibiofemoral joint

Answer 5

• tibia

- femur

Question 6

Actions of the tibiofemoral joint

Answer 6

• flexion and extension

- little rotation

Question 7

Bones of the patellofemoral joint

Answer 7

• patella

- femur

Question 8

Actions of the patellofemoral joint

Answer 8

-gliding

Question 9

Appearance of the meniscus

Answer 9

Wedge

Question 10

Shape of medial meniscus

Answer 10

C shape

Question 11

Shape of lateral meniscus

Answer 11

O shape

Question 12

Function of meniscus

Answer 12

• shock absorption

- stabilization

Question 13

Extracapsular ligaments

Answer 13

-Medial Collateral Ligament
-Lateral Collateral Ligament
(Outside of capsule)

Question 14

Intracapsular ligaments

Answer 14

-Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
-Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
(Inside capsule)

Question 15

Tendons of the knee

Answer 15

• quadriceps

- patella (ligament)

Question 16

Retinaculum

Answer 16

Connective tissue that holds down tendons

Question 17

Where is the quadriceps group?

Answer 17

Anterior surface of the leg

Question 18

4 muscles in the quads group

Answer 18

• rectus femoris
• vastus medialis
• vastus lateralis
• Vastus intermedius

Question 19

What do these 4 muscles feed into?

Answer 19

One tendon

Question 20

What is the quad group responsible for?

Answer 20

Knee extension

Question 21

Where is the hamstring group?

Answer 21

Posterior surface of the leg

Question 22

What is the hamstring group responsible for?

Answer 22

Knee flexion

Question 23

What are the 3 muscles of the hamstring group?

Answer 23

• Bicep femoris (lateral)
• semitendinosis (medial)
• semimembranosus (medial)

Question 24

What is critical in assessing a knee injury?

Answer 24

Determining the mechanism of the injury

Question 25

Observing a knee injury

Answer 25

- walking, squatting, going up and down stairs - swelling, ecchymosis - leg alignment - knee symmetry - leg length

Question 26

tests for the knee

Answer 26

- manual muscle tests - special tests - neurological

Question 27

Special tests for the knee

Answer 27

* joint stability - ligament - meniscus

Question 28

Neurological tests

Answer 28

- sensation - foot drop - reflexes

Question 29

Translation

Answer 29

Refers to the glide of tibial plateau relative to the femoral condyles

Question 30

What does knee laxity include?

Answer 30

Straight and rotary instability

Question 31

What increases as the damage to stabilizing structures increases?

Answer 31

Laxity and translation

Question 32

Special tests for knee instability

Answer 32

- use endpoint feel - MRI - Classification of joint instability

Question 33

Q-angle

Answer 33

Lines which bisect the patella relative to the ASIS and the tibial tubercle

Question 34

What is the normal Q-angle for females?

Answer 34

15 degrees

Question 35

Normal Q-angle for males

Answer 35

10 degrees

Question 36

What can elevated angles lead to?

Answer 36

Pathological conditions associated with improper patella tracking