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Kinesiology > The Foot: Exam 3 > Flashcards

The Foot: Exam 3 Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Plantar Fascia

A

Thick band of fibrous tissue extending from calcaneus to metatarsal heads

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2
Q

What does the plantar fascia do?

A

Help support the arch of the foot

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3
Q

Support/ Stance phase of walking

A

-strike
-midsupport
Take-off

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4
Q

Recovery/ swing phase of walking gate

A
  • follow through
  • forward swing
  • decent
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5
Q

What extra phase does the running gait have?

A

A flight phase where neither foot is touching the ground

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6
Q

What type of strikers do distance runner tend to be?

A

Heel strikers

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7
Q

What type of strikers do sprinters tend to be?

A

Forefoot strikers

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8
Q

What type of injuries do excessive pronators tend to have?

A

Stress injuries such as tibial rotation at the knee

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9
Q

Are excessive pronators’ feet too mobile or rigid?

A

Mobile

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10
Q

What type of injuries do excessive supinations have?

A

Other injuries such as inversion sprains

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11
Q

Are excessive supinators’ feet too rigid or too mobile?

A

Too rigid

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12
Q

What type of foot has a high arch?

A

Excessive supination

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13
Q

What type of foot has a normal arch?

A

Neutral

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14
Q

What type of foot does a low arch have?

A

Excessive pronation

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15
Q

Pes Cavus

A
  • high arch
  • excessive supination
  • poor shock absorption
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16
Q

Pes plantus

A
  • flat foot
  • excessive pronation
  • pain and weakness
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17
Q

When should abnormal foot postures be corrected?

A

If they cause symptoms or problems

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18
Q

How to prevent foot injuries with appropriate footwear

A
  • match shoe to foot type
  • match activity and surface
  • use orthotic
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19
Q

What type of shoe should a pronator wear?

A

Rigid

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20
Q

What type of shoe should a supinator wear?

A

Flexible

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21
Q

How do you prevent foot injuries?

A
  • appropriate footwear

- foot hygiene

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22
Q

How to asses foot injuries

A
  • history
  • observation
  • shoe wear
  • palpation
  • special test
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23
Q

How to asses history

A
  • generic history questions

- specific to the foot

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24
Q

Questions to ask about history specific to the foot

A
  • pain type and location
  • surfaces
  • training
  • footwear
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25
how to assess foot by observation
- limping or difficulty weight bearing - pes plantus or cavus - foot alignment - deformities
26
How to check shoe wear
Check bottom of shoes for wear patterns
27
How to assess foot injuries with palpation
- bony - soft tissue - pulses
28
2 pulse locations on the foot
- dorsalis pedis pulse | - posterior tibial
29
How to assess foot injuries with special tests
- ROM | - other special tests
30
How to test ROM
- active - passive - resisted
31
Other special tests for the foot
- choose tests based on pathology | - neurological assessment
32
Testing nurological assessment of the foot
- sensation - motor function - reflexes
33
Tarsal injuries (5)
- fractures - apophysitis - retrocalcaneal bursitis - heel contusion - LisFranc sprain
34
Where tarsal fractures are common
- talus | - calcaneus
35
Plantar Fasciitis
Pain in proximal arch and heel at attachment site
36
When is plantar fasciitis pain the worst?
Mornings
37
What causes plantar fasciitis?
- poor shoes - overtraining - poor surface - foot type - other causes
38
How to treat plantar fasciitis (7)
- orthotic/ arch taping - heel cup - proper shoes - stretching - night splint - NSAIDs - last resort: surgery
39
Where does a Jones fracture occur?
Base of 5th metatarsal
40
What are the symptoms of a Jones Fracture?
Swelling and pain
41
How to diagnose a Jones fracture
X-ray
42
How to treat a Jones fracture
- crutches and a boot - nonunion - internal fixation
43
Difference between bunion and bunionette
Bunionette is on the pinky toe
44
What causes bunions?
Foot type and poor shoes
45
Symptoms of bunions
- pain - swelling - joint enlargement - mal-alignment
46
Bunion treatment
Surgery
47
Sesamoids
Bones within tendons
48
Sesamoiditis
Occurs in the bones within tendons of the big toe and it becomes inflamed and fractured
49
What are the symptoms of sesamoiditis (when does it hurt)?
Pain when you push off
50
Treatment of sesamoiditis
- orthotic pad - arch support - decrease activity
51
Metatarsalgia
Pain in the ball of the foot usually under 2nd or 3rd metatarsal
52
What causes metatarsalgia?
Calf tightness---> shortened stance---> increased pressure under the forefoot
53
Symptoms of metarsalgia
Pain and numbness or tingling
54
How to treat metatarsalgia
Apply metatarsal support pad or bar and stretch
55
Morton's Neuroma
Extra nerve mass grows usually between 3-4 MT
56
Types of pain with mortons
Burning paresthesia and severe and intermittent
57
Other symptoms of mortons
Numb and tingling
58
How to diagnose mortons (2 ways)
X-ray or bone scan
59
How to treat mortons
- MT pad | - better shoes
60
Turf toe
Hyperextension of the great toe
61
Is turf toe acute or chronic?
Both
62
Symptoms of turf toe
Pain and swelling
63
What activity does turf toe hurt?
Pushing off
64
How to treat turf toe
Tape and rigid insole
65
How to get toe sprain, fracture, dislocation
- kicking | - being stepped on
66
Symptoms of a sprain
Swelling and pain
67
How to treat a sprain
- RICE | - buddy taping
68
Symptoms of fracture
- pain | - deformity
69
How to treat fractures
Buddy taping
70
How common are dislocations?
Rare
71
Morton's toe
Short first MT and the 2nd toe looks longer
72
What does Morton's toe cause?
Greater stress on 2nd MT and sometimes stress fractures
73
How and when to treat mortons toe
Orthotics only if symptomatic
74
Foot rehab (6)
- treat symptomatic structural problems (tape orthotics) - protect weight bearing - joint mobilization - flexibility - muscular strength - neuromuscular control

Kinesiology (23 decks)

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