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Neuropsychology 343 > Final Exam - Section 3 (11/22/16) > Flashcards

Final Exam - Section 3 (11/22/16) Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Attention-
Automatic processes -

bottom-up process - stimulated by stimuli in the _________

A

environment

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2
Q

Behaviors that are NOT automatic require _________ attention

A

focused

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3
Q

Behaviors that are not automatic require focused attention

  • _________ process
A

Top-down

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4
Q

Automated attention - _________ process

A

Bottom-up

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5
Q

Focused attention - _________ Process

A

Top-down

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6
Q

_________ top-down focused attention

A

conscious

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7
Q

_________ - looking at a picture for the missing feature - focused

A

Conjunction search

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8
Q

Conscious / Focused attention-

Conjunction search -
_________ to detect features of stimuli

A

Serial process (serial search)

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9
Q

Attention-

If each feature of a stimulus (form, color, movement etc.) is processed in separate parts of the _________ lobes

A

occipital

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10
Q

Attention-

Some features are _________ significant (demand more attention) and are detected _________

A
  • biologically

- faster

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11
Q

biological Attention-

amygdala responsive to _________ stimuli

A

fear

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12
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Measures of neural activity suggest that _________ attention depends on neurons in visual fields higher than V1 (e.g., V4)

A

-selective

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13
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Measures of _________ activity suggest that selective attention depends on neurons in visual fields _________ than V1 (e.g., V4)

A
  • neural

- higher

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14
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

_________ attention -

  • Can only process so much information at a time
  • Can only pay attention to one task at any moment
A

Divided

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15
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Divided attention-

  • Can only process so much _________ at a time
  • Can only pay attention to _________ task at any moment
A
  • information

- one

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16
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Divided attention-

Multitasking _________ performance

  • -Attention to some stimuli decreases (e.g., cell phone and driving)
  • -Routine tasks demand little attention
  • -More complex tasks demand more attention
A

decreases

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17
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Divided attention-

Multitasking decreases performance

  • -Attention to some stimuli _________ (e.g., cell phone and driving)
  • -Routine tasks demand _________ attention
  • -More complex tasks demand _________ attention
A
  • decreases
  • little
  • more
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18
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

_________ – multiple objects or visual, auditory, and somatic information being perceived at the same time

A

Competing stimuli

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19
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Competing stimuli – multiple objects or _________, auditory, and _________ information being perceived at the same time

A
  • visual

- somatic

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20
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Competing stimuli – multiple objects or visual, _________, and somatic information being perceived at the _________ time

A
  • auditory

- same

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21
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:
Competing stimuli –

  • Serial selection and processing of _________
  • Visual stimuli get _________ attention than auditory unless specifically directed to pay attention to _________ stimuli
A
  • objects
  • more
  • auditory
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22
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Competing stimuli –

_________ dorsolateral _________ cortex involved in processing multiple stimuli at the same time

A
  • Left

- prefrontal

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23
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

Competing stimuli –

Left _________ prefrontal cortex involved in processing _________ stimuli at the same time

A
  • dorsolateral

- multiple

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24
Q

Neurophysiology of attention:

  • _________ attention on one stimulus
  • _________ attention – moving from one stimulus to another
A
  • Fixed

- Shifting

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25
Shifting attention activates _________ lobes
parietal
26
Neurophysiology of attention: If stimuli in left visual field, _________ parietal lobe activated
-right
27
Neurophysiology of attention: If stimuli in right visual field, _________ parietal lobe active
left AND right
28
right parietal lobe damage affects attention to _________ side of body or environment – hemineglect
-left
29
right parietal lobe damage affects attention to left side of body or environment – _________
hemineglect
30
If right parietal lobe damaged, attention to _________ visual field lost – left visual field only in _________ lobe
- left | - right
31
Right visual field in both lobes so damage to left, no _________
deficit
32
Hemineglect- | Shift attention to left side using _________ that shifted visual field to _________
- prisms | - right
33
Neurophysiology of attention: Different neural pathways activated with different _________ tasks but depends on type of _________
- attention | - stimulus
34
Neurophysiology of attention: Visual stimuli- Anterior cingulate and prefrontal areas – all _________ tasks
-visual
35
Neurophysiology of attention: Visual stimuli- _________ – attention to location of visual stimuli
Parietal cortex
36
Neurophysiology of attention: Visual stimuli- _________ – color and form vision (ventral stream)
Occipitotemporal
37
Neurophysiology of attention: Visual stimuli- _________ - Somatosensory areas and posterior parietal cortex
Tactile stimuli
38
Neurophysiology of attention: Visual stimuli- Tactile stimuli- Somatosensory areas and _________ cortex
posterior parietal
39
Neurophysiology of attention: Posner and _________ propose two attention systems
Raichle
40
-WHO- _________ Posterior and Anterior cortical attention system
Posner and Raichle
41
Neurophysiology of attention: Posterior cortical attention system _________ cortex
Posterior parietal
42
Neurophysiology of attention: Posterior cortical attention system- - Posterior parietal cortex - -Disengage, engage, or move _________
attention
43
Neurophysiology of attention: _________ cortex Attention to features of objects
Posterior temporal
44
Neurophysiology of attention: Posterior temporal cortex - Attention to features of objects - -Damage causes _________
agnosias
45
Neurophysiology of attention: Anterior cortical attention system - _________ lobes
Frontal
46
Anterior cortical attention system -Frontal lobes _________ attention systems
Programs
47
Anterior cortical attention system -Frontal lobes - Programs attention systems - -Sends input to _________ attention system and _________ posterior attention system
- posterior | - activates
48
Damage to anterior attention system – cannot select _________ stimuli to attend to so overwhelmed by _________ (e.g., schizophrenia)
- specific | - input
49
Damage to anterior attention system – cannot select specific stimuli to attend to so overwhelmed by input (e.g., _________ )
schizophrenia
50
How do we pay attention? Hypothesis – Activity in a population of neurons involved in processing stimuli becomes _________ when attending to stimulus
synchronized
51
How do we pay attention? More likely to cause action potential in all postsynaptic neurons receiving _________ input
synchronous
52
Inattention: Visual attention- _________ - – do not notice something when performing another task Gorilla video
Inattentional blindness
53
_________ trumps _________
- Visual | - Auditory
54
Inattention: Visual attention- _________ - Failure to detect changes in scene when not expecting changes
Change blindness
55
Inattention: Visual attention- _________ - Fail to detect second stimuli if presented close to first stimulus (500 ms)
Attentional blink
56
Inattention: Visual attention- _________ - - If told to ignore first stimulus, can detect second - Limitation of visual system
Attentional blink
57
Inattention: Visual attention- _________ - One person swapped out for another
Change blindness
58
Visual attention- Inattentional blindness, change blindness, attentional blink Information doesn’t reach _________ even though stimuli are processed by the _________
- consciousness | - brain
59
Visual attention- Inattentional blindness, change blindness, attentional blink Damage to this system – _________ neglect
-sensory
60
_________ - | Central representations or images
Mental images
61
Mental images- _________ – initiating a movement leaves a record of that movement
Reafference theory (corollary discharge)
62
Reafference theory (_________)
-corollary discharge
63
Reafference theory (corollary discharge) - As movement occurs, if there are differences between actual movement and neural record of the movement, movement can be _________ next time the movement occurs
adjusted
64
Reafference theory (corollary discharge) – initiating a movement leaves a _________ of that movement
record
65
Reafference theory (corollary discharge) – Mentally rehearsing movement takes _________ amount of time and number of steps as the actual movement – suggests same _________ as in actual movement
- same | - processing
66
Reafference theory (corollary discharge) – Scans during imagined movements – _________ active in frontal lobes during real and imagined movements
premotor cortex
67
Reafference theory (corollary discharge) – Scans during imagined movements – premotor cortex active in frontal lobes during real and _________ movements
imagined
68
Reafference theory (corollary discharge) – premotor cortex - Same area _________ in real and imagined movements
involved
69
Neural basis of mental images: | -Evidence that mental images originate from _________ levels of visual systems (temporal and parietal regions)
higher
70
Neural basis of mental images: | -Evidence that mental images originate from higher levels of visual systems (temporal and _________ regions)
-parietal
71
Neural basis of mental images: mental images originate from higher levels of visual systems -Then activate lower visual centers in _________ lobe
occipital
72
Neural basis of mental images: _________ – same neural activity when see another person making a movement as if you are making movement
Mirror neurons
73
Neural basis of mental images: Mirror neurons – same neural activity when see another person making a _________ as if you are making movement
movement
74
Neural basis of mental images: Mirror neurons – Premotor cortex, _________, primary motor cortex
Broca’s area
75
Neural basis of mental images: Mirror neurons – Premotor cortex, Broca’s area, _________ cortex
primary motor

Neuropsychology 343 (20 decks)

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