fri aug 15

Question 1

most common causes of acute epididymitis in young men?

Answer 1

chlamydia and gonorrhea

Question 2

most common causes of acute epididymitis in men > 35 yo?

Answer 2

e coli

Question 3

what are the most common viral infections to trigger an exacerbation of COPD?

Answer 3

rhinovirus and influenza

Question 4

which cells of the kidney produce EPO?

Answer 4

peritubular fibroblasts in the renal cortex

Question 5

what are the antibodies in pemphigus vulgaris directed against?

Answer 5

Desmosomes - desmogleins 1 and 3

Question 6

what do mesotheliomas stain positive for?

Answer 6

-cytokeratins and calretinin

Question 7

what is the most common DNA binding domain motif in humans?

Answer 7

zinc finger

Question 8

transcription factors often bind to which binding motif?

Answer 8

zinc finger motif

Question 9

misoprostal MOA

Answer 9

PE1 agonist

Question 10

mifeprestone MOA

Answer 10

progesterone antagonist

Question 11

what are the two exclusively ketogenic amino acids?

Answer 11

lysine and leucine

Question 12

someone with pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency should be on which type of diet?

Answer 12

Ketogenic - to avoid the production of lactate

Question 13

what is seen on light microscopy of the liver in reyes syndrome?

Answer 13

microvesicular steatosis - (small fat vacuoles in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes)

Question 14

entacapone MOA

Answer 14

COMT inhibitor - reduces peripheral metabolism of levadopa resulting in increasd bioavailability for the brain

Question 15

chronic enteroviral infections are associated with which immunodeficiency?

Answer 15

x linked agammaglobulinemia

Question 16

what type of bacteria is gardnerella?

Answer 16

aneorobic gram variable rod

Question 17

MOA of imiquimod

Answer 17

-activates toll like receptors increasing the proinflammatory response

Question 18

presbyopia

Answer 18

inability to focus on near objects - image focuses behind the lens

Question 19

myopia

Answer 19

inability to focus on far objects - image focuses in front of the lens

Question 20

what is the leading bacterial cause of COPD exacerbation?

Answer 20

H infleunza

Question 21

which step of vitamin D synthesis does sunlight cause?

Answer 21

UVB in sunlight converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to Cholecalciferol (vit D3)

Question 22

which cell lines are increased in COPD?

Answer 22

neutrophils, macrohpages and CD8+ lymphocytes

Question 23

polymyxin MOA

Answer 23

-binds to LPS disrupting bacterial cell membranes

Question 24

which enzyme takes over the metabolism of fructose in a fructokinase deficiency?

Answer 24

hexokinase - it metabolizes fructose to fructose-6-p which can enter glycolysis

Question 25

what reaction is performed by aldose reductase?

Answer 25

glucose to sorbitol

Question 26

pathology findings of blood vessels in someone with fibromuscular dysplasia?

Answer 26

fibromuscular webs alternating with aneursymal dilation and loss of internal elastic lamina (string of beads appearance)

Question 27

what renal complication do many patients with fibromuscular dysplasia develop?

Answer 27

renal artery stenosis

Question 28

alpha fetoprotein is a marker for which cancers?

Answer 28

HCC | Germ cell

Question 29

CA 19-9 is a marker for which cancers?

Answer 29

pancreatic

Question 30

CA 125 is a marker for which cancerS?

Answer 30

ovarian

Question 31

CEA is a marker for which cancer?

Answer 31

gastrointestinal

Question 32

Hcg is a marker for which cancers

Answer 32

- choriocarcinoma | - germ cell

Question 33

what does veracity mean?

Answer 33

the ethical need to communicte truthfully with patients