sun aug 10

Question 1

what is a risk factor for corticosteroid-induced psychosis?

Answer 1

hypoalbuminemia

Question 2

which hepatitis virus integrates its DNA into the host cell genome?

Answer 2

hep B

Question 3

how does pulmonary edema effect lung compliance?

Answer 3

it causes decreased lung compliance - the edema in the interstitium makes the lungs heavy and stiff

Question 4

serology findings of diffuse scleroderma?

Answer 4

anti-scl-70

Question 5

serology findings of limited cutaneous scleroderma/CREST?

Answer 5

anticentromere

Question 6

complications of limited cutaneous scleroderma/CREST??

Answer 6

pulmonary hypertension

Question 7

complications of diffuse scleroderma?

Answer 7

• pulmonary fibrosis

- scleroderma renal crisis

Question 8

what structures are found in the anterior compartment of the lower leg?

Answer 8

• deep peroneal nerve

- anterior tibial artery/veins

Question 9

what structures are found in the lateral compartment of the lower leg?

Answer 9

-superficial peroneal nerve

Question 10

what structures are found in the deep posterior compartment of the lower leg?

Answer 10

• tibial nerve
• posterior tibial artery
• peroneal artery and veins

Question 11

what is found in the superficial posterior compartment of the lower leg?

Answer 11

muslces

Question 12

what disease does cryptococcus neoformans most commonly cause?

Answer 12

meningoencephalitis

Question 13

finasteride MOA

Answer 13

5-alpha reductase inhibitor

Question 14

etanarcept MOA

Answer 14

-decoy receptor for TNF-alpha - may be used in RA refractory to methotrexate

Question 15

what is triamterene?

Answer 15

potassium sparing diuretic that blocks enac

Question 16

what is amiloride?

Answer 16

potassium sparing diuretic that blocks enac

Question 17

presentation of vit E deficiency?

Answer 17

• neuromuscular problems (polyneuropathy, ataxia, etc.)

- hemolytic anemia

Question 18

higher levels of fructose,2,6BPG drive which reaction?

Answer 18

the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose1,6biphosphate (glycolysis)

Question 19

higher levels of fructose,2,6BPG activate which enzyme?

Answer 19

PFK1

Question 20

high levels of fructose,2,6BPG inhibit which process?

Answer 20

gluconeogenesis

Question 21

sorbitol is normally metabolized into what substance?

Answer 21

fructose

Question 22

where do the reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway (HMP shunt) occur?

Answer 22

both occur in the cytosol

Question 23

where does the enzyme ornithine transcarbomylase act?

Answer 23

mitochondria

Question 24

partial pressure of oxygen represents..

Answer 24

the oxygen dissolved in the plasma

Question 25

does carbon monoxide effect the partial pressure of oxygen?

Answer 25

NO

Question 26

PaO2 =

Answer 26

partial pressure of oxygen in plasma

Question 27

what will be seen on autopsy of someone who had tuberculus meningitis?

Answer 27

- thick gelatinous exudate mostly at the basal portion of the brain - multiple bilateral brain infarcts especially in the periventricular areas(from tuberus vasculitis) - hydrocephalus - tuberculosis proteins may cause obstruction

Question 28

what foramina connect the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle?

Answer 28

foramina of monro

Question 29

what does the cerebral aqueduct connect?

Answer 29

the third and fourth ventricles

Question 30

affarent nerve of cough reflex?

Answer 30

10

Question 31

efferent nerve of cough reflex?

Answer 31

10

Question 32

affarent nerve of gag reflex?

Answer 32

9

Question 33

efferent nerve of gag reflex?

Answer 33

10

Question 34

what causes chick pox?

Answer 34

varicella zoster virus

Question 35

on EMB agar, what organisms will produce a green sheen?

Answer 35

those that ferment lactose

Question 36

group A strep virulence factor M protein function?

Answer 36

resist phagocytosis

Question 37

structure of M protein?

Answer 37

alpha helical coiled protein

Question 38

what is the structure of tropomyosin and myosin?

Answer 38

alpha helical coiled protein

Question 39

why is the homology seen between M protein of group A strep and the tropomysosin and myosin in humans important?

Answer 39

protective antibodies may cross react with myosin in the heart leading to rheumatic heart disease

Question 40

how do macrolides affect the GI tract?

Answer 40

they stimulate motilin receptors of the upper GI tract

Question 41

In ataxia telangiectasia, DNA is hypersensitive to..

Answer 41

ionizing radiation

Question 42

presentation of ataxia-telangiectasia?

Answer 42

- ataxia (due to cerebellar atrophy) in first years of life - recurrent sinopulmonary infections - skin telangiectasias later in life - increased risk of cancer

Question 43

presentatino of follicular lymphoma?

Answer 43

-usually follows an indolent coarse with waxing and waning. Lymph node enlargement is painless and may goup and down in size.

Question 44

presentation of diffuse large B cell lymphoma?

Answer 44

-rapidly enlarging nodal and systemic B symptoms

Question 45

reid index =

Answer 45

mucous glands / (submucosa + lamina propria)