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Test reviews DEDICATED > NMBE 15 > Flashcards

NMBE 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

Zanamivir MOA

A

inhibits neuraminadase

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2
Q

Zanamivir use

A

influenza

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3
Q

Fomepizole uses?

A

methanol and ethyne glycol poisoning

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4
Q

How does fomepizole work?

A

Competitively inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase (which converts ethanol to acetaldehyde and is involved in the first steps of converting methanol and ethylyne glycol to their toxic metabolites

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5
Q

if someone comes in with ethylyne glycol or methanol poisoning, what should you give them?

A

fomepizole

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6
Q

presentation of methanol toxicity

A

decreased level of consciousness, poor coordination, vomiting, abdominal pain, and a specific smell on the breath. Decreased vision.

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7
Q

how does lithium cause nephrotoxicity?

A

enters principal cells in collecting duct and prevents ADH from working properly

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8
Q

What is a normal A-a gradient oxygen?

A

Around 10

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9
Q

will barbituate induced respiratory suppression effect the A-a gradient?

A

No -the alveoli themselves are fine but there is hypoventilation leading to decreased O2 and increased CO2

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10
Q

Where is folate absorbed?

A

duodenum and jejunum

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11
Q

Where is B12 absorbed?

A

ileum

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12
Q

what keeps the ductus arteriosis open?

A

prostaglandins (especially E2)

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13
Q

why does the ductus arteriosis close after birth?

A

PE2 which was produced by the placenta is gone -> closure

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14
Q

Why does deoxygenated blood can carry more carbon dioxide for a given Pco2 than oxygenated blood?

A

Because Deoxyhemoglobin is a better H buffer
CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 → H+ + HCO3−

The enhanced affinity of deoxyhb for the H means that it will stabilized it, and the equation will shift to the right, allowing more CO2 to be bound

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15
Q

What causes the dissociation of CO2 from hemoglobin in the lungs?

A

oxygen binds and induces a conformational change, promoting the release of CO2

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16
Q

What is IkB?

A

inhibitory protein that binds Nfkb. When phosphorylated, it releases it so that NFKB can go to the nucleus.

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17
Q

loading dose formula?

A

load dose = desired (concentration)(Vd)/Bioavailability

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18
Q

what properties of inahled anesthetic lead to rapid onset?

A

low solubility in the blood

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19
Q

bosentan MOA?

A

Bosentan is a competitive antagonist of endothelin-1

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20
Q

endothelin function in the lungs?

A

causes constriction of pulmonary vessels

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21
Q

What is rheumatoid factor?

A

ats an igM autoantibody against igG

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22
Q

what lymph nodes does the cervix drain to?

A

internal iliac

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23
Q

alcoholism decreases which important liver enzyme?

24
Q

what does strep pneumonia look like on gram stain?

Study These Flashcards
A

lancet shaped diplococci

25
wha does strep mitis look like on grain stain?
may be in long chains
26
what nerve innervates the inferior constrictor muscles?
motor fibers of vagus nerve
27
does the vagus nerve innervate all of the pharyngeal muscles?
all EXCEPT for stylopharyngeas which is innervated by the glossopharyngeal
28
where does HSV1 lay dormant?
the SENSORY ganglia of the trigeminal nerve
29
if a patient has bleeding after a progestin challenge test, what does that mean?
sufficient estrogen is present and the amenorhia is due to anovulation
30
where does degradation of very long chain fatty acids occur?
peroxisomes
31
what is volume contraction?
it refers to a decrease in body fluids - can be from loop/thiazide diuretics
32
what is medullary thyroid carcinoma?
cancer of the parafollicular (c cells) of the thyroid which secrete calcitonin
33
antibiotic treatment of salmonella results in what?
prolonged excretion of the organism
34
what kind of receptors do thyroxine (t4) and triodothyronine bind?
nuclear (they are HORMONES)
35
the adrenal medulla arises from the..
neural crest cells
36
when vit D is absorbed it first goes to the .....and then..
liver where it is converted to 25-OH(D) and then the kidenys wheres its converted to 1,25-OH(D)
37
carcinoid syndrome results in the secretion of ...
serotonin
38
presentation of central retinal artery occlusion
acute-onset painless monocular vision loss, as well as the cherry red spot on physical exam NO consensual light reflex in other eye
39
how is neuroathic pain described?
burning
40
an aneurism of the posterior communicating artery may result in what?
CNIII palsy
41
cytopenias are common in...
LUPUS
42
which kidney disease is associated with lupus?
diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
43
what commonly causes a furuncle?
S aureus
44
what effect will precocious puberty have on height?
at first they may grow quickly and be tall, but because their bones mature more quickly than normal, they often stop growing earlier than usual, making them shorter adults
45
CML is often treated with...
imatinib
46
having a burnt almond smell is classic of which poisoning?
cyanide
47
how to treat cyanide poisoning?
Nitrites-oxidize iron to fe3
48
what drugs is malignant hyperthermia associated with?
inhaled anesthetics or succinycholine
49
mutations in WHAT increases your risk of malignant hyperthermia?
ryr receptor
50
treatment of malignant hyperthermia?
dantrolene (blocks the release of Ca from the SR by blocking ryr receptors)
51
why does smoking make GERD worse?
nicotine relaxes the lower esophageal sphinctor furthermore, it interferes with the gastric mucosa and acid production and thus is linked to stomach ulcers
52
what is irradiated blood products?
irradiation of blood products is done to prevent graft vs host diseaes
53
which type of blood products are commonly irradiated?
all granulocyte products, anything with lymphocytes, and tissue typed matched products
54
are albumin and immunoglobulins irradiated before being given to the receiver?
no they dont contain lymphocytes and dont risk host vs graft disease
55
what is graft vs host disease?
when the recipient cells view the receivers cells as foreign and attack them

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