Monday June 6

Question 1

what type of collagen is in scar tissue?

Answer 1

type I collagen

Question 2

what type of collagen is in tendons?

Answer 2

type I collagen

Question 3

what type of collagen is in bone?

Answer 3

type I collagen

Question 4

what type of collagen is in blood vessels?

Answer 4

type I and III collagen

Question 5

what type of collagen is in cartilage?

Answer 5

type II collagen

Question 6

what type of collagen is in the vitreous humour?

Answer 6

type II collagen

Question 7

what type of collagen is in nucleus pulposus?

Answer 7

type II collagen

Question 8

what type of collagen is in skin?

Answer 8

type III

Question 9

what type of collagen is in the lungs?

Answer 9

typeIII

Question 10

what type of collagen is in the bone marrow?

Answer 10

type III

Question 11

what type of collagen is in the basement membranes?

Answer 11

type IV

Question 12

In leukocyte adhesion deficiency, there is an absence of …

Answer 12

CD18, an antigen needed to form integrins so that leukocytes can extravasate

Question 13

what negatively charged chemical is naturally found in mast cells?

Answer 13

heparin

Question 14

which nerve courses superficialyl through the posterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 14

The spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 15

which muscles are innervated by the spinal accessory nerve CN XI ?

Answer 15

sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

Question 16

how does a trapezius muscle injury present?

Answer 16

inability to left the arm above 100 degrees and drooping of the shoulder and lateral displacement of the scapula

Question 17

explain the pathophys of myasthenia gravis?

Answer 17

autoantibodies against the postsynaptic nicotinic Ach receptors results in internalization and receptor degradation. When Ach is released, there is now a decreased end plate potential, thus the threshold is not reached, and the muscle cells do not depolarize.

Question 18

what is glycopyrrolate?

Answer 18

A selective muscarinic antagonist that can help treat AchEi side effects (diarrhea)

Question 19

which cells secrete hepcidin?

Answer 19

hepatocytes

Question 20

how does hepcidin affect iron uptake?

Answer 20

binds to ferroportin, an iron transporter, leading to internalization and thus decreasing Iron uptake from the gut

Question 21

a baby born with excess skin at the nape of the neck, a portruding tongue, weak moro reflex likely has…

Answer 21

down syndrome

Question 22

when is the onset following a blood transfusion of a delayed hemolytic reaction?

Answer 22

days to weeks

Question 23

how does a delayed hemolytic reaction to blood transfusion present?

Answer 23

Often asymptomatic - may be found via anemia with increased reticulocyte count and coombs test

Question 24

what causes delayed hemolytic reactions to blood transfusions?

Answer 24

Prior exposure to a foreig RBC antigen via pregnancy, transfusion, IV drug use, etc. resulted in initial antibody response. On reexposure, memory B cels secrete a large amount of Abs resulting in hemolysis

Question 25

the formula for specificity?

Answer 25

True negatives / (true negatives + false positives)

Question 26

what do S-100 proteins bind?

Answer 26

calcium

Question 27

What do c-Jun and c-Fos bind?

Answer 27

DNA - they are nuclear transcription factors and protooncogenes

Question 28

Other than a psoas abscess, when else may the psoas sign be present?

Answer 28

in someone who has appendicits with a retrocecal appendix (sits right on the psoas)

Question 29

what is malignant otitis externa?

Answer 29

serious infection of the ear, often seen in elderly with extreme pain, intact tympanic membrane, and granulation tissue

Question 30

what is the most common cause of malignant otitis externa?

Answer 30

pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 31

is pseudomonas aeruginosa motile or non-motile?

Answer 31

MOTILE

Question 32

is pseudomonas aeruginosa oxidase pos or neg?

Answer 32

OX POS

Question 33

how will train of four (TOF) stimulation appear when a non-depolarizing block has been used?

Answer 33

There will be a progressive decrease in each of the 4 responses (due to decreased Ach being released in time from the presynaptic nerve)

Question 34

how will train of four (TOF) stimulation appear when a depolarizing block (succinylcholine) has been used?

Answer 34

There will be two phases: PHASE 1: the responses will be diminished but equal PHASE 2: progressive decrease in each of the 4 responses

Question 35

is succinocholine a non depolarizing or depolaring blockdade?

Answer 35

depolarizing block

Question 36

what surface does strep viridans bind to?

Answer 36

Fibrin-platelet aggregates (damaged valves)

Question 37

how does acute retinal hemorrhage present?

Answer 37

painless, monocular visual disturbance (ranges from mild to severe), with dot and flame shaped hemorrhages.

Question 38

what is cholestyramine?

Answer 38

a bile acid resin

Question 39

what type of amino acids are found in elastin?

Answer 39

non-polar

Question 40

are the proline and lysine residues of elastin heavily hydroxylated?

Answer 40

NO - they are in collagen but not elastin

Question 41

what is kinesin?

Answer 41

microtubule associated motor protein, that moves along microtubules anteriograde