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Test reviews DEDICATED > thurs aug 14 > Flashcards

thurs aug 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is somatic symptom disorder?

A

excessive anxiety and preoccupation with at least one unexplained symptom

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2
Q

presentation of beri beri?

A

Peripheral neuropathy of distal extremities with both sensory and motor deficits. If ‘wet beri beri’ there is also cardiac involvement such as high output congestive heart failure

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3
Q

what is phenelyzine?

A

MAOI

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4
Q

MAO inhibitors are particually useful for…

A

atypical depression

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5
Q

what are the characteristics of atypical depression?

A

MDD along with mood reactivity, leaden paralysis, rejection sensitivity, increased sleep and appetite

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6
Q

what is meant by mood reactivity in atypical depression?

A

mood improves in response to positive events

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7
Q

what pressures are seen in the right atrium?

A

0-5

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8
Q

what pressures are seen in the right ventricle?

A

systolic 25, diastolic 0-5

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9
Q

what pressures are seen in the pulmonary artery?

A

systolic 25, diastolic 10

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10
Q

what pressures are seen in the left atrium?

A

8-10

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11
Q

what pressures are seen in the left ventricle?

A

120 systolic, 0-8 diastolic

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12
Q

what is defective in ehlers danlos syndrome?

A

collagen synthesis

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13
Q

what is hemoglobin A2?

A

alpha 2 delta 2

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14
Q

do iron supplements help patients with thalasemmias?

A

no

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15
Q

is DNA replication in patients with beta thalasemia normal?

A

yes - it is not until the dna is transcribed into mRNA that hemoglobin production becomes abnormal

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16
Q

pathogenesis of beta thalasemia mutations?

A

the DNA mutations lead to problems with transcription, processing and translation of beta globin mRNA. Most commonly the mtuations cause abberant splicing or premature termination during translation

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17
Q

what is the most common pathogen causing septic abortion?

A

staph aureus

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18
Q

do patients with bacterial vaginosis (gardnerella vaginallis) present with fever and uterine tenderness?

A

NO - just smelly discharge

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19
Q

does the discharge in septic abortion smell?

A

yes

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20
Q

name two examples of LOW potency first gen antipsychotics?

A

chlorpromazine, thioridazine

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21
Q

name two examples of HIGH potency first gen antipsychotics?

A

haloperidol

fluphenazine

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22
Q

what type of antipsychotic is fluphenazine?

A

first generation, high potency

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23
Q

side effects of first gen low potency antipsychotics?

A

sedation (antihistamine)

  • anticholinergic side effects
  • orthostatic hypotension (alpha 1 blockage)
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24
Q

first gen high potency antiphsychotics have increased risk for what side effects?

A

extrapyramindal side effects such as rigidity, akathisia, parkinsoniasm, acute dystonia

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25
what is pthirus pubis?
pubic louse
26
treatment of pthirus pubis (pubic lice)?
topical permethrin
27
pyridoxine deficiency affects which step of heme synthesis?
ALAS - B6 is needed for this step
28
treatment of campylobacter jejuni?
self limited
29
where does the middle meningeal artery branch from?
the maxillary artery and enters the skull through foramen spinosum
30
where does the opthalmic artery come from?
the internal carotid artery
31
how can you treat symptoms of carcinoid syndrome?
ocreotide
32
ocreotide MOA
analog of somatostatin with longer half life. Acts on somatostatin receptors and inhibits hormone secretion
33
most common cause of parotitis?
S aureus
34
how do patients with polyarteritis nodosa usually present?
weeks to months of nonspecific constitutional symptoms (weight loss, fatigue, etc.) and signs of tissue ischemia in kidneys, GI tract, peripheral nerves and or skin.
35
does polyarteritis nodosa have ANCA or ANA?
no
36
what does polyarteritis nodosa associated with?
hepatitis B and C
37
what should be monitored in patients on azoles?
LFTs
38
MOA of patiromer?
exchanges calcium for potassium in the intestines, leading to fecal excretion of potassium
39
use of patiromer?
chronic hyperkalemia (not acute since it takes a few hours to act)
40
ethosuximade MOA
blocks thalamic T type Ca channels
41
opioid receptors are which type of receptor?
g protein
42
which two locations do opioids act?
presynaptic neuron AND postsynaptic
43
opioids MOA?
On the presynaptic neuron they inhibit calcium influx (thus decreasing secretion of NTs) On the postsynaptic neuron they increase K eflux, leading to hyperpolarization
44
a stroke of the lenticulostriate artery will present with?
pure motor symptoms (contralateral paralysis)
45
which areas do the lenticulostriate arteries supply?
striatum and internal capsule (stroke here is purely motor)
46
which part of the brainstem does the ASA supply?
medial medulla
47
presentatin of ASA stroke? (medial medullary syndrome)
- contralateral paralysis (loss of lateral corticospinal tracts) - contralateral loss of proprioception (due to loss of medial lemniscus) - ipsilateral hypoglossal dysfunction (CNXII)
48
where does the PICA supply?
the lateral medulla
49
what cranial nerves are found in the lateral medulla?
9,10,11
50
where does the AICA supply?
the lateral pons
51
which cranial nerves are found in the lateral pons?
5,7,8
52
which artery supplies the medial pons?
basilar
53
stroke of the basilar artery results in...
locked in syndrome
54
diffuse axonal injury MRI will show multiple lesions affecting where?
white matter tracts
55
what are charcot-bouchard microaneurysms associated with?
chronic hypertension
56
histological findings of parkinsons disease?
intracellular eosinophilic inclusions of alpha synuclein (lewy bodies)
57
NT changes in huntingtons disease?
decreased GABA, decreased Ach, increased dopamine
58
gross findings in huntingtons disease?
atrophy of the caudate and putamen with ex vacuo ventriculomegaly
59
gross findings of parkinsons disease?
depigmentation of substantia nigra pars compacta
60
histologic findings of alzheimers disease?
beta amyloid and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau protein (neurofibrillary tangles)
61
gross findings of alzheimers disease?
widespread cortical atrophy | -narrowing of gyri and widening of sulci
62
which two neurodegenerative disorders have alpha synuclein inclusions?
parkinsons and lew body dementia
63
presentation of frontotemporal dementia?
dementia with early changes in personality and behaviour or aphasia. may have movement disorders as well
64
what is lewy body dementia?
visual hallucinations, fluctuating dementia, REM sleep disorder and parkinsonism
65
presentation of lead toxicity in a childhood?
Developmental delay or language regression, and anemia
66
which enzymes does lead inhibit?
ferrochelatase and ALA dehydratase
67
which antidepressant is associated with priapism?
trazadone
68
what is zolpidem?
nonbenzo hypnotic
69
name two substances important for angiogenesis?
VEGF | FGF
70
does EGF (epidermal growth factor) play an important role in angiogenesis?
no
71
FF =
GFR / RPF
72
what is hydrocephalus ex vacuo?
enlargement of the ventricles due to cortical volume loss

Test reviews DEDICATED (70 decks)

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