Mon June 29 Flashcards
(49 cards)
how may ethylene glycol lead to kidney damage?
ethylene glycol is metabolized to glycolic acid and oxalic acid.
- Glycolic acid causes direct tubular cytotoxicity
- oxalate precipitates and causes tubular obstruction
pyruvate carboxylase function?
Converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate for gluconeogenesis
What deposits in Henoch-Schlonlein purpura?
IgA and C3 deposition
what is amlodipine?
Ca channel blocker
What is diltiazem?
Ca channel blocker
does bicarb increase with vomiting?
yes - you have loss of H which is used to produce the buffer H2CO3, resulting in a relative increase in HCO3-
The dehydratio also leads to impaired HCO3- excretion
how does potassium contribute to the increased bicarb that occurs with metabolic alkalosis?
hypokalemia from loss of vomiting results in more uptake of H, as it is exchanged for K
(K goes extracellular for H which goes intracellular)
what is choroidal nevus?
an eye freckle
is choroidal nevus genetic?
NO
which pathway is responsible for crude touch?
spinothalamic
what fungus appears as sphagetti and meatballs on KOH prep?
malessezia
the dose of local anesthetic to achieve adequate anesthesia is higher in….
infected tissue - increased acidity at infected sites renders the anesthetic to its charged form, which does not cross the cell membranes
morphine is predominantly cleared in the. …
whereas fentanyl and hydromorphone are primarily cleared…
kidneys
in the liver
what is eplerenone?
a mineralocorticoid blocker that has less anti-androgenic effects than spironolactone
what do tRNA molecules have at their 3’ end? (the acceptor stem)?
a CCA tail -used for other molecules to recognize them
buproprion MOA
inhibits reuptake of NE and dopamine
buproprion A/E?
seizures
who is buproprion contraindicated in ?
those with seizure disorders and eating disorder (electrolyte imbalances increase risk for seizures)
which radiation-related skin changes may be present acutely post radiation (within 3 months?)
apoptosis and epidermal edema
erythema, desquamation
pigment changes and loss of skin appendages (hair, glands)
which radiation-related skin changes may be present in the late stage post radiation (over 3 months?)
- Fibrosis - from homogenization of dermal collagen (due to fibroblast activation by TGF-B released from dying cells)
- vascular damage -> chronic hypoxia and ulceration
- abnormal microvasculature (telangiectasias)
which organisms form pink colones on macconkey agar?
organisms that ferment lactose (E coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter)
what is the major virulence factor of E coli that cause neonatal meningitis?
K1 capsular antigen
When do you start prophylaxis for pneumocystitis jiroveci?
CD4 <200
When do you start prophylaxis for toxoplasmosis gondii?
CD4<100
