Thurs July 2 Flashcards
(73 cards)
If someone has a rapid ventricular rate, where should the radiofrequency ablation occur?
at the AV node
where ist he AV node?
endocardial surface of the right atrium, near the insertion of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve and the orfice of the coronary sinus
where should radioablation occur with atrial flutter?
between the tricuspid valve and IVC opening
where should radioablation occur with an abberant current leading to afib?
left atrium near the pulmonary veins
what class of antiarythmic is amiodarine?
class III
how do class III antiarythmics work?
They block K channels, prolonging phase 3 (repolariztiation)
which antiarythmic has little risk of causing torsades de pointes?
amiodarone
which enzyme converts glucose to sorbitol?
aldose reductase
why does sorbitol formation lead to oxidative stress?
the conversion of glucose to sorbitol requires NADPH, depleting it -> ox stress
how do B2 receptors effect potassium?
they cause an intracellular shift of K
gram stain of actinomyces
gram + bacillia, filamentous and branching
actinomyces is associated with which procedures?
dental extraction
oxygen preferance of actinomyces?
facultative/strict anearobe
what might you find in an infection with actinomyces?
Draining sinus tracts and sulfur granules
would an infection with actinomyces be painful?
not usually
are varicose veins usually in the superficial or deep veins?
SUPERFICIAL
the activation of which system increases endothelin release?
renin angiotensin aldosterone system
how would lobar consolidation effect tactile fremitus and breath sounds?
increased tactile fremitis and intensity of breath sounds since sound travels better in fluid than air
what type of shock does anaphylaxis cause?
Distributive shock - massive peripheral vasodilation from inflammatory mediators
what is methylnaltrexone?
A peripheral u-opioid antagonist that does not cross the BBB - can treat constipation
does methylnaltrexone cross the BBB?
no
is methylnaltrexone the first option for opioid induced constipation?
NO -give laxative first. If constipation is refractory, give methylnaltrexone
what types of polyps in the intestine are neoplastic?
serrated and adenomatous
Are adenomatous polyps that are tubular or villous more neoplastic?
VILLOUS
