Sun aug 16 Flashcards
(34 cards)
patients with an aldolase B deficiency must avoid foods with which substances?
fructose (and sucrose since its metabolized to fructose)
where do the piriformis insert?
greater trochanter of the femur
which foramen does the piriformis travel through?
greater sciatic foramen
what is buspirone?
nonbenzo anxiolytic used for GAD
benefit of buspirone?
no risk of dependance
MOA of buspirone?
partial agonist at 5HT receptors
what pathway degenerates in parkinsons?
the nigostriatal
Parkinsons patients have degeneration of the nigostrial pathway resulting in…
excessive excitation of the globus pallidus internus by the subthalamic nucleus (this results in too much inhibition since the excited GP internus inhibits the thalamus)
IF you wanted to give high frequency brain stimulation (which inhibits activity) to a parkinsons patient, where should you target?
the globus pallidus internus to subthalmic nucleus
multiple myeloma is associated with which cytokine?
IL6
presentatino of ichthyosis vulgaris?
dry, scaly skin usually on the trunk and extensor surfaces of extremities
what causes ichthyosis vulgaris?
inherited mutation of filaggrin gene leading to defective keratinocyte desquamation
explain the pathway of the stretch reflex?
- spindles sense muscle stretch
- affarent signal conveyed to spinal cord via dorsal nerve fibers
- efferent signals travel through ventral nerve fibers
- stimulation of extrafusal fibers leads to muscle contraction
if you were to selectively sever the dorsal rootlets, what would change?
you would have decreased muscle tone (can be used in patients with muscle spasticity)
why is ADHD not diagnosed before 5?
because theres a lot of overlap of characteristics of ADHD with normal behaviour in toddlers (They are distractible, speak out of turn, throw tantrums, etc.)
what is a common underlying cause of massive hemoptysis in a young person?
bronchiectasis (Cystic Fibrosis)
Why does cystic fibrosis/bronchiectasis increase the risk of massive hemoptysis?
the chronic inflammation and infection stimulates neovasculation of bronchial arteries. however they are fragile and prone to rupture with increased pressures (coughing)
what will you find in the lungs of someone with acute pulmonary edema (from LV failure, for example)?
engorged capillaries and alveoli filled with acellular pink material
are there hemosiderin laden macrophages in acute pulmonary edema?
NO - these occur chronically
presentation of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy?
-painful bone and soft tissue enlargement in extremities, along with clubbing, painful arthropathy, periostosis and joint effusions
what diseases are associated iwth hypertrophic osteoarthropathy?
- malignant lung conditions (cancers, metastasis)
- lung diseases (CF, lung abscesses, etc.)
- cyanotic heart disease
rat poison acts similarly to which drug?
warfarin
IF someone ingested rat poison, how should you treat them?
fresh frozen plasma to replenish coag factors and vit K
when does congenital torticollis usually appear?
2-4 weeks after birth
