GI- Antacids and Antiulcers

Question 1

Aluminum, calcium and magnesium based agents are considered what level of systemic levels

Answer 1

Low systemic

Question 2

Sodium based agents are considered what levels of systemic agents

Answer 2

High systemic

Question 3

What is the mechanism of action for antacids

Answer 3

Combine with already secreted hydrogen, but in no way affects the amount that is produced or secreted

Question 4

What are the characteristics of calcium antacids

Answer 4

Rapid onset, long duration, with very good neutralizing ability

Question 5

What are the characteristics of aluminum antacids

Answer 5

Slow onset, short duration and weak neutralizing

Question 6

What are the characteristics of magnesium antacids

Answer 6

Rapid onset, long duration and good neutralizing ability

Question 7

What are the characteristics of sodium antacids

Answer 7

Rapid onset, short duration, with fair neutralizing

Question 8

What is the mechanism of action of simethicone

Answer 8

A surfactant that decreased surface tension and aids in expulsion of gas

Question 9

What are the side effects of aluminum

Answer 9

Constipations and hypophosphatemia

Question 10

What are the side effects of magnesium

Answer 10

Diarrhea and hypermagnesium

Question 11

What are the side effects of calcium

Answer 11

Constipation, kidney stones, hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia

Question 12

Are antacids used in combination

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

What is the protocol on administration of antacids and what is the reason

Answer 13

Lots of interactions, so taken 1-2 hours before all other medication and 2-4 hours after

Question 14

What is the drug class of drugs ending in -tidine

Answer 14

H2 receptor antagonists

Question 15

What is the drug class of drugs for drugs ending in -prazole

Answer 15

PPI

Question 16

What class of drug is cimetidine

Answer 16

H2 antagonist

Question 17

What class of drug is famotidine

Answer 17

H2 receptor antagonist

Question 18

What class of drug is nizatidine

Answer 18

H2 receptor antagonist

Question 19

What class of drug is ranitidine

Answer 19

H2 receptor antagonist

Question 20

What class of drug is lanzoprazole

Answer 20

PPI

Question 21

What class of drug is dexlansoprazole

Answer 21

PPI

Question 22

What class of drug is omeprazole

Answer 22

PPI

Question 23

What class of drug is esomeprazole

Answer 23

PPI

Question 24

What class of drug is pantoprazole

Answer 24

PPI

Question 25

What class of drug is Rabeprazole

Answer 25

PPI

Question 26

What class of drug is misoprostol

Answer 26

PGE1 analogs

Question 27

What is the mechanism of action of histamine type 2 blockers

Answer 27

Inhibits the H2 receptors and decreases the production of acid production by 20-50%

Question 28

What are the adverse effects of histamine type 2 blockers

Answer 28

N/D/C | -Headaches

Question 29

Which serious side effect is seen in administration of cimetidine

Answer 29

Decreases testosterone binding, so gynecomastia in men, galactorrhea in women

Question 30

What enzymatic interaction does cimetidine have

Answer 30

Prototypical inhibator of CYP450s

Question 31

What are the contraindications to histamine type 2 blockers

Answer 31

Pregnancy

Question 32

Which histame type 2 blocker is the only one that can be given to pregnant women

Answer 32

Ranitidine

Question 33

What is the mechanism of action of PPIs

Answer 33

Inhibition on the potassium/hydrogen ATPase that puts acid in to the lumen of the stomach

Question 34

What are the adverse effects of PPI

Answer 34

Clostridium difficile assoacited diarrhea

Question 35

What is the enzymatic interaction of omeprazole

Answer 35

CYP450 inhibators

Question 36

What are the contraindications of PPI

Answer 36

Pregnant women

Question 37

Which PPI can be given to pregnant women

Answer 37

Lasnoprazole

Question 38

What is the mechanism of sucralfate

Answer 38

Creates a viscous coat that can cover an ulcer

Question 39

What are the complications of sucralfate

Answer 39

Severe renal failure due to the aluminum

Question 40

What is the mechanism of action for misoprostol

Answer 40

Prostaglandin analog that provides protection to mucosa and decreases gastric acid release a

Question 41

When is misoprostol used

Answer 41

Prevention of NSAID induced gastric ulceration

Question 42

What are the contraindications in mismatch compounds

Answer 42

Contains SAS, so look for allergy and Anticoagulant factors first

Question 43

What is the combination that is a must in the treatment of H. Pylori

Answer 43

At least 2 antibiotics with an acid reducer (PPI or H2 blocker)

Question 44

What is the triple therapy in the treatment of H pylori

Answer 44

PPI Clarithromycin Amoxicillin or metronidazole

Question 45

What is the quadrupple therapy for H. Pylori

Answer 45

PPI Metronidazole Tetracyclines Bismuth

Question 46

What is the drug substitution for H pylori treatment in a patients with penicillin allergy

Answer 46

Substitute metronidazole

Question 47

What is the drug substitution for H pylori treatment in a patients with metronidazole resistance

Answer 47

Tetracyclines

Question 48

What is the drug substitution for H pylori treatment in a patients with clarithromycin resistance

Answer 48

Amoxicillin or tetracycline

Question 49

In a pregnant patient without H pylori but PUD, what is the treatment

Answer 49

Short course of antacids or sucralfate (mild case) Ranitidine (moderate) Lansoprazole (severe)