JAALAS 2011 No. 3

Question 1

1. What is the genus/species of the Syrian hamster?

Answer 1

Mesocricetus auratus

Question 2

2. How does the Siberian hamster differ from the Syrian hamster physiologically?

Answer 2

2. Siberian is half the size, has furred feet, has coat color change to white in the winter vs. dark in the summer in the wild, and has large litters year around (vs. variable seasonality seen in Syrians).

Question 3

3. What is one non-renal cause of the elevated BUN in the males that the authors listed as possible, but did not find any evidence of?

Answer 3

Gastrointestinal bleeding

Question 4

Can the values from this study be used as reference values to improve characterization of cardiac disease in New Zealand rabbits?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

What do the acronyms TDI and TV stand for?

Answer 5

Tissue Doppler imaging and tissue velocity imaging

Question 6

T/F. Echocardiographic parameters are not affected by body weight

Answer 6

This paper suggests that M-mode measurements may be dependent on body size (as is in dogs).

Question 7

The most frequent lesions in the Raccoons examined in this study were present in

a. Brain, Heart, Liver
b. Brain, Heart, Uterus
c. Heart, Uterus, Liver
d. Uterus, Spleen, Liver

Answer 7

b. Brain, Heart, Uterus

Question 8

What stain is used for detection of Iron in tissues?

a. Congo Red
b. H & E
c. Pearl Prussian Blue
d. Masson Trichrome

Answer 8

c. Pearl Prussian blue

Question 9

Which of the following lesions reported in this study has never been previously documented in Raccoons?

a. Inflammatory cell infiltrates in choroid plexus
b. Lymphocytic gastritis with bacteria
c. Lafora bodies in brain
d. All the above
e. None of the above

Answer 9

D

Question 10

True or False. Lafora bodies have been previously documented in dogs and few other domestic animals.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

True or False. Islet cell amyloidosis previously documented in aged captive Raccoons animals was a common finding in this study also.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

True or False. Life expectancy of free ranging raccoons can exceed 10 years.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

1. True or False. The sensitivity of the fur pluck technique for detecting Mycoptes sp. is decreased when the mouse cage density is low.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

2. True or False. The fur pluck technique is superior to the sticky paper technique for the detection of Mycoptes musculinus in the mouse.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

3. What is the length of the life cycle for Mycoptes musculinus and Myobia musculi?

Answer 15

3. Mycoptes musculinus 8-14 days; Myobia musculi 23 days

Question 16

1. Select the following true statement about a drug’s hepatic extraction ratio:
   a. A drug with a hepatic extraction ratio of close to 1 means that hepatic blood flow has little to no effect on clearance of the drug
   b. A drug with a hepatic extraction ratio of close to 1 means that drug clearance is related to and highly dependent on hepatic blood flow
   c. Hepatic extraction ratio has nothing to do with hepatic drug clearance.
   d. None of the above

Answer 16

B

Question 17

2. Select the following true statement about fasting prior to Ketamine/Xylazine (KX) anesthesia in rats:
   a. Fasting is shown to have a profoundly positive effect on the quality of KX anesthesia in rats.
   b. Fasting prior to KX anesthesia in rats is detrimental to the rat.
   c. Fasting prior to administration of KX anesthesia has not been shown to affect quality or variability of KX anesthesia in the rat
   d. Fasting rats is necessary prior to inhalant anesthesia, but not prior to KX anesthesia

Answer 17

C

Question 18

1. Why are volatile gas anesthetics contra-indicated for ischemia-reperfusion studies?

Answer 18

1. Volatile anesthetics can protect tissues (including heart, brain, kidney, lung & liver) from ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Question 19

For the acetic acid test, what substance provided the most increase in nocioceptive threshold in Xenopus laevis?

Answer 19

Flunixin meglumine at 25 mg/kg

Question 20

The AAT and Hargreaves tests both measure response to what type of stimuli?

 	a. Visceral pain
 	b. Cutaneous stimulation of afferent fibers

Answer 20

b. Cutaneous stimulation of afferent fibers

Question 21

Describe the Hargreaves apparatus.

Answer 21

The Hargreaves apparatus is used to measure thermal nociceptive threshold. It consists of a glass chamber though which a radiant heat source is focused on an area. In this case, frogs were placed in the chamber, and an infrared intensity was focused on the inner thigh. The time from activation of the thermal stimulus to withdrawal response was recorded as the thermal nociceptive threshold.

Question 22

Surgical intestinal resection may be a useful tool for studies in?

a. Metabolism
b. Intestinal microbiology
c. Immunity
d. All of the above

Answer 22

D

Question 23

Which of these would be considered artiodactyl species?

a. Sheep
b. Pig
c. Horse
d. a and b

Answer 23

D

Question 24

What portion of the small intestine in swine contains continuous Peyer patches?

a. Ileum
b. Jejunum
c. Duodenum
d. b and c

Answer 24

A

Question 25

What is the normal gestation of a pig? a. 90-91 days b. 110-111 days c. 114-115 days d. 120-122 days

Answer 25

C

Question 26

What is the common name for a female goat? a. Buck b. Doe c. Jill d. Kid e. Kit

Answer 26

B

Question 27

True or False. The intraosseous device may be placed without local anesthetic.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

In human medicine, collection of urine for urine:protein creatinine clearance is traditionally done over a period of how many hours?

Answer 28

24 hours

Question 29

Name the genus and species of the chimpanzee?

Answer 29

Pan troglodytes

Question 30

What 2 factors impacted the UPC ratio? a. Age and gender b. Age and blood contamination c. Blood contamination and gender d. Hepatitis infection status and gender

Answer 30

Age and blood contamination

Question 31

1. Modified Twort is what type of special stain used in this study?

Answer 31

Gram stain

Question 32

2. NCr-nu/nu mice lack _____and are_____. a. B cells; outbred b. T cells; outbred c. B cells; inbred d. T cells; inbred

Answer 32

B

Question 33

T/F. This study highlights the importance of performing PK studies prior to extra label drug usage.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

T/F. Cefovecin should not be used in NHPs due to high incidence of adverse effects noted in these species.

Answer 34

False

Question 35

T/F. According to this study, the use of long-acting antibiotics in NHPs is generally discouraged.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

1. What types of sweat glands are found in the paw pad of dogs?

Answer 36

1. Eccrine glands: an unbranched, tubular gland, limited to the footpad and the nose.

Question 37

2. What type of innervation is associated with sweat glands, sympathetic or parasympathetic?

Answer 37

Sympathetic: acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter associated with the sweat glands.

Question 38

1. What is the typical clinical sign observed animals with subclavian steal phenomenon? a. Lethargy b. Asymptomatic c. Vomiting d. Syncope

Answer 38

B

Question 39

2. What is the normal blood pressure of a rhesus macaque?

Answer 39

125/75 mm Hg

Question 40

3. What methods may be used to definitively diagnose subclavian steal phenomenon? a. CAT scan with contrast b. MRI c. Ultrasound d. All of the above

Answer 40

D

Question 41

Describe the typical progression from precancerous epithelium to cancer.

Answer 41

Epithelial cell hyperplasia → squamous metaplasia (typically with dysplasia) → carcinoma → neoplasia

Question 42

Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 is normally present in which non-thyroid tissue? a. Lung b. Liver c. Spleen d. Kidney

Answer 42

A