JAALAS 2011 No. 5

Question 1

1. What is the optimal oral dosage to avoid gastric distention?

Answer 1

5 mL/kg regardless of the species.

Question 2

2. What is the most efficient method for administering compounds and why?

Answer 2

2. Intravenous administration because it bypasses the need for solute absorption.

Question 3

3. Name four routes of administration that go through the skin.

Answer 3

3. Intramuscular, intravenous, subcutaneous and intradermal.

Question 4

4. What is the advantage of epidural and intrathecal administration?

Answer 4

4. Avoids absorptive problems associated with the blood-brain barrier.

Question 5

5. What are the risks of improper training for intraperitoneal injections?

Answer 5

Intracecal or intracystic injections.

Question 6

6. What are the three methods for pulmonary administration of solutions?

Answer 6

6. Intranasal, intratracheal and inhalation.

Question 7

7. T/F. Training or habituation is of no benefit when preparing for dosing of animals.

Answer 7

7. False. Animals have a stress response when they are not used to being handled, so handling and restraint is helpful prior to substance administration.

Question 8

8. T/F. The temperature of a solution is not relevant when the volumes are small.

Answer 8

8. False. Larger volumes of a cold or hot substance would be more detrimental, but even small volumes could have different absorption if at extreme temperatures.

Question 9

1. A homogeneous fluid mixture of 2 or more substances that cannot be readily separated is a ___________________.

Answer 9

Solution

Question 10

2. A final mixture that is prepared for dosing is termed:
   a. Formulation
   b. Solution
   c. Suspension
   d. Vehicle

Answer 10

A

Question 11

3. List at least 3 devices that can be used as rodent restraint devices.

Answer 11

3. Broome tube, plastic cone shaped bags, towels, slings

Question 12

4. How often should ports be flushed?
   a. Once a day
   b. Every 4 hours
   c. Every 3-4 days
   d. Every 7 days if actively using

Answer 12

4. c. Every 3-4 days for the first 2 weeks after implantation; thereafter every 7-14 days if port is not actively used.

Question 13

5. All of the following are acceptable nonhuman primate restraint devices except:
   a. Restrain tubes
   b. Chairs
   c. Pole and collar restraint
   d. Squeeze back caging
   e. Panepinto sling

Answer 13

E

Question 14

6. When should bags of open sterile intravenous fluids be discarded?

Answer 14

6. Within one week of first use or opened

Question 15

List commonly used cosolvents

Answer 15

Ethanol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and glycerine

Question 16

8. True or False. Cosolvents should be given as a slow injection or infusion due to the potential for the drug to precipitate once administered.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

T or F. The femoral arteries branch off of the iliac artery proximal to the branching of the circumflex iliac.

Answer 17

False - The femoral arteries (external and internal) branch off of the iliac artery distal the branching the circumflex iliac.

Question 18

What is the mechanism of action of heparin?

Answer 18

Heparin facilitates the endogenous serine protease inhibitor ATIII by bind the aminolysyl residues and heparin cofactor II. These anticoagulants form stable complexes and subsequently inhibit clotting factors (thrombin being the most important).

Question 19

1. Establishment of reference ranges of for hematology and serum biochemical analytes may be affected by which one of the following?
   a. Water temperature or other environmental factors
   b. Source of animals
   c. Health of the animals
   d. All of the above
   e. None of the above

Answer 19

D

Question 20

2. Significant differences were found between 3 X. laevis populations for all hematological values measured except one. Which value was not significantly different?
   a. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
   b. WBC count
   c. Hematocrit
   d. Mean corpuscular volume
   e. RBC count

Answer 20

A

Question 21

3. Significant differences were not found between 2 X. laevis populations for all of the following serum biochemical analytes except one. Which value was significantly different?
   a. BUN
   b. Alkaline phosphatase
   c. Phosphorus
   d. Glucose
   e. Uric acid

Answer 21

D

Question 22

1. Fostering alone or as part of Caesarian rederivation procedures has been used to eradicate all of the following diseases EXCEPT?
   a. Norovirus
   b. Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus
   c. Helicobacter spp.
   d. Mouse Coronavirus

Answer 22

1. C. This technique is not useful for the eradication of pathogens that are passed in utero

Question 23

2. Current laboratory animal medicine practice recommends fostering pups within ____ h of birth to recipient dams with age-matched litters.
   a. 48
   b. 72
   c. 96
   d. 120

Answer 23

A

Question 24

According to this study individually ventilated cages housing female opossums with litters should be changed once every 7 days. True or false?

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What was the average weight of male opossums used in study? a. 500 g b. 400 g c. 300 g d. 127 g

Answer 25

D

Question 26

The dimensions of the Individually ventilated caging used for this study are usually used to house rats. True or False

Answer 26

True

Question 27

In this study the cages were ventilated at 60 air changes per hour. True or False

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Acceleration is measured with the use of: a. A traffic-cop speedometer b. An accerometer c. A velometer

Answer 28

A

Question 29

The noise and the vibration associated with construction surrounding an animal facility are equally concerning, T or F?

Answer 29

F - vibration is likely of greater concern

Question 30

Resources for Vertebrate Animal Biosafety Level Criteria for Vivarium Research Facilities

Answer 30

BLMB or http://www.cdc.gov/biosafety/publications/bmbl5/BMBL5_sect_V.pdf

Question 31

Advantages of having a computerized documentation system in a ABSL4 setting versus on paper documentation

Answer 31

Ability to disinfect all surfaces, direct data capture and avoidance of recording data on paper during procedures (and having to fax them out of the ABSL4), avoidance of transcriptional errors (no manually entered data beyond ABSL4), customizable data capture sheets provide flexibility with accommodating experimental designs and animal species requirements, no storage of data on paper, safety features.

Question 32

T/F. This study proves that there is an increased likelihood for the risk for the development of musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limbs for personnel that work in an animal facility washroom.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

T/F. Work in the animal facility washroom tend to be more repetitive and monotonous as compared to working with dogs and fish.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

T/F. Rotating and alternating work assignments can be used to reduce the likelihood of workplace injuries for personnel working in the washroom.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

T/F. It is fair to say that the information obtained from this study can be duplicated if performed at a different animal care facility.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

T/F. The CUELA system indicated elevated burden on the shoulders, the elbows, and the wrists.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

True or False: Mycobacterium chelonae is a low-virulence environmental pathogen in aquatic systems but present a zoonotic risk to fish handlers.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

2. True or False: Tanks size, population density and cleaning methods are factors to consider when evaluating disease prevalence in aquatic species.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

3. True or False: Zebrafish susceptibility to Mycobacterium infection has previously been shown to be influenced by the rag1 gene and lta4h locus.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

What is the widely accepted recommendation for maximum blood volume to be drawn without causing ill effects or compromising animal welfare? a. 3 to 4% TVB with one week recovery period b. 7.5% TVB with one week recovery period c. 10% TVB with two week recovery period d. 35% TVB with three week recovery period e. B and C

Answer 40

E

Question 41

What are the normal hemoglobin concentration (g/dL) ranges in C57BL/6 mice? a. 13.6 to 16.4 b. 7.3 to 9.0 c. 6.5 to 7.9 d. 8.0 to 9.4 e. 9.3 to 10.9

Answer 41

A

Question 42

What is the most direct and sensitive method to detect anemia in mice? a. RBC count b. Hemoglobin concentration c. WBC count d. RDW

Answer 42

B

Question 43

What is the approximate percentage of body weight that is blood volume in a mouse? a. 1 to 2 % b. 20 to 30 % c. 5 to 9 % d. 60 to 65%

Answer 43

C

Question 44

What other tissues can be used for genotyping methodology?

Answer 44

Hair, blood, mucosa, ear, and digits

Question 45

What type of behavior is indicative of anxiety in mice?

Answer 45

A higher level of activity and in regards to an EPM, movement toward the open arm

Question 46

Other than being commonly used strains in contemporary laboratory animal practice, what other reason did the authors cite for their choose of strains?

Answer 46

Their previous paper (2008) documented differences in tail development and responses to tail biopsy, precisely that B6 mice undergo more rapid vertebral development of the tail than do BALB/c mice

Question 47

1. What is thoracic percussion? a. An unacceptable method of euthanasia b. A method of euthanasia that results in rapid exsanguination into the thoracic cavity after a single blow to the chest with a 1 kg bar.

Answer 47

1. b. Not to be confused with Thoracic compression which is unacceptable in rodents.

Question 48

2. What does the AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia consider an ideal euthanasia? a. Results in a rapid loss of consciousness followed by cardiac or respiratory depression b. Ultimate loss of brain function c. Minimizes distress and anxiety experienced by the animal d. All of the above

Answer 48

D

Question 49

3. Which of the following methods of euthanasia of rodents are conditionally acceptable? a. Microwave irradiation b. Anesthetic overdose c. Cervical dislocation d. Potassium chloride while under surgical plane of anesthesia

Answer 49

c. The others are acceptable.

Question 50

Glomerular filtration rate may be estimated by measuring a. Inulin clearance b. Endogenous creatinine clearance c. Clearance of radiolabeled markers d. Clearance of iohexal e. All of the above

Answer 50

E

Question 51

T/F. Endogenous creatinine clearance overestimates glomerular filtration rate because creatinine is secreted by renal tubules.

Answer 51

True

Question 52

T/F. Use of iohexal may cause renal deterioration.

Answer 52

True

Question 53

T/F. Cisplatin may cause necrosis of proximal tubular epithelium with cast formation in a dose dependent manner.

Answer 53

True

Question 54

The advantage of the currently described technique for measuring glomerular filtration in rabbits is that a. The need for anesthesia and urinary catheterization is eliminated b. Animal stress is reduced because handling time is reduced c. A single blood sample rather than multiple samples is required d. All of the above

Answer 54

D

Question 55

1. Culture of the fluids from bags punctured once daily for 30 days were? a. Negative all the time points b. Positive after 7 days of puncture c. Positive after 15 days of puncture d. Positive after 21 days of puncture

Answer 55

A

Question 56

Culture of fluids from bags at 60 days after it has been punctured only once was? a. Negative b. Positive

Answer 56

A

Question 57

ATP bioluminescence assays and endotoxin testing from bags punctured once daily for 30 days were? a. Negative b. Positive

Answer 57

A

Question 58

1. ATP bioluminescence assays and endotoxin testing from bags punctured only once at 60 days were? a. Negative b. Positive

Answer 58

A

Question 59

2. Cultures, ATP, and endotoxin testing from bags punctured 10 times daily for 30 days were? a. Negative for culture and positive for ATP and endotoxin b. Positive for culture and negative for ATP and endotoxin c. Negative for all

Answer 59

C

Question 60

3. Culture of fluids from bags punctured 10 times daily for 60 days were? a. Positive (Acinetobacter lwoffii) and Staphylococcus spp) same bag b. Negative c. Positive (Staphylococcus spp) in bag A d. Positive (Acinetobacter lwoffii) in bag B e. c and d

Answer 60

E

Question 61

4. Culture from the inner wall of fluid bags punctured 10 times daily for 60 days were? a. Positive (Acinetobacter lwoffii) and Staphylococcus spp) same bag b. Negative c. Positive (Staphylococcus spp) in bag A d. Positive (Acinetobacter lwoffii) in bag B e. c and d

Answer 61

B

Question 62

T/F. Foreign materials such as metal shavings, silicone flash, bedding in valves result in leaky valves.

Answer 62

True

Question 63

T/F. Valves with good water flow are within the 25 to 50mL/min range.

Answer 63

True

Question 64

What considerations should be considered for the proper function of a watering system?

Answer 64

The authors suggest monitoring valve water-flow performance, calibration and recertification of autoclaves used in the sanitizing of valves; and a proper communication with the animal husbandry staff, colleagues and vendors to highlight and monitor issues in animal equipment.