Lab 4: Endocrine System and Diabetes Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lab 4: Endocrine System and Diabetes Deck (44)
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1
Q

______ are ductless glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream to aid in homeostasis.

A

Endocrine glands

2
Q

______ are chemical messengers that initiate a change in a target cell.

A

hormones

3
Q

_____ have specific receptors for specific hormones.

A

target cells

4
Q

____ increase cell size and rate of division.

A

Growth Hormone (hGH)

5
Q

_____ action is to produce milk.

A

prolactin (PRL)

6
Q

_____ controls the release of thyroid hormones.

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

7
Q

____ controls release of hormones from the adrenal cortex.

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

8
Q

____ is responsible for the development of egg follicles and release of estrogen in females.

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

9
Q

____ is responsible for stimulating sperm production in males.

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

10
Q

_____ promotes sex hormone secretion and release of egg from ovaries.

A

Luteinizing hormone (GH)

11
Q

_____ causes kidneys to conserve water.

A

antidiuretic hormone (SDH)

12
Q

_____ causes uterine contraction and milk secretion.

A

Oxytocin (OT)

13
Q

Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland releases what hormones.

A
Growth hormone (hGH)
Prolctin (PRL)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
14
Q

Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland releases what hormones.

A
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin (OT)
15
Q

_____ increases energy release from carbs.

A

thyroxine (T4)

16
Q

____ increases rate of protein synthesis.

A

thyroxine (T4)

17
Q

_____ increases growth rate.

A

thyroxine (T4)

18
Q

_______increases energy release from carbs, rate of protein synthesis, and growth rate, but is 5x stronger than T4.

A

Triiodothyronine T3

19
Q

______ decreases blood Ca 2+ levels.

A

Calcitonin

20
Q

Calcitonin opposes ____.

A

PTH

21
Q

____ increases blood Ca2+ levels.

A

PTH

22
Q

PTH opposes ____.

A

calcitonin

23
Q

____ tells kidneys to conserve Na+ and excrete K+

A

aldosterone

24
Q

Cortisol ___ protein synthesis, ____ fatty acid release, ____ glucose synthesis from non-carbohydrates.

A

decreases
increases
increases

25
Q

_______ supplement sex hormones.

A

adrenal androgens

26
Q

Adrenal Cortex hormones (3)

A

aldosterone
cortisol
adrenal androgen

27
Q

Adrenal Medulla Hormones (2)

A

Epinephrine

Norepinephrine

28
Q

____ increase HR and SV (BP)

A

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

29
Q

____ causes vasodilation to skeletal muscles and brain.

A

epinephrine

30
Q

_____ increases airway dilation.

A

Epinephrine

31
Q

_____ increases metabolic rate and breakdown of glycogen to glucose from liver.

A

Epinephrine

32
Q

______ causes vasoconstriction to skin and viscera.

A

norepinephrine

33
Q

Norepinephrine ____ metabolic rate.

A

increases

34
Q

Pancreatic Hormones (2)

A

glucagon

insulin

35
Q

Glucagon ___ blood sugar levels.

A

increases

36
Q

Insulin ____ blood sugar levels.

A

decreases

37
Q

____ breaks down glycogen and lipids.

A

glucagon

38
Q

Glucagon stimulates _____ from non carbohydrates.

A

glucose synthesis

39
Q

Insulin promotes synthesis of ____.

A

glycogen.

40
Q

Insulin enhances the absorption of _____ by adipocytes and skeletal muscle fibers.

A

glucose

41
Q

Insulin enhances synthesis of proteins and inhibits _____ of non-carb’s into glucose.

A

conversion

42
Q

_____ diabetes is a genetic mutation, pancreas doesn’t create insulin.

A

Type 1

43
Q

___ diabetes is when the pancreas doesn’t create enough insulin (over worked) or the body cells are resistance to the insulin (over used insulin).

A

Type 2

44
Q

____ diabetes occurs in pregnancy, the pancreas doesn’t create enough insulin.

A

gestational