MOD 3 - COURSE 1 - PT 8 - ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Question 1

What is the endocrine system

Answer 1

• secretes hormones into blood stream to deliver to organs

Question 2

what doe the hormones do?

Answer 2

bind to receptor - leading to cell response type specific

Question 3

what are examples of hormone regulated processes

Answer 3

metabolism, growth, sleep

Question 4

what organs in the head and neck are endocrine organs

Answer 4

• hypothalamus
• pineal gland
• adeno/neurohypophysis
• thyroid

Question 5

what organs in the abdo cavity are endocrine organs

Answer 5

• liver
• pancreas
• adrenal glands
• kidneys

Question 6

what organs in the reproductive organs are endocrine organs

Answer 6

ovary
uterus
placenta
testes

Question 7

what hormones does the hypothalamus produce

Answer 7

ADH
CRH
GHRH
GNRH
OXT

Question 8

what does ADH do?

Answer 8

• increase water permeability in nephrons - increase water reaborptions and increase blood volume

Question 9

what does CRH do?

Answer 9

stimulated adrenocorticotropic hormone release - anterrior piturity (release corisol - stress managment etc)

Question 10

what does GHRH do?

Answer 10

stimulate growth hormone - anterior pituitary

Question 11

what does GNRH do?

Answer 11

stimulate FSH release from anterior pituitary
stimulate LH from anterior pituitary

Question 12

what does OXT do?

Answer 12

promote uternine contraction and lactations - let down reflex

Question 13

what does the pineal gland produce

Answer 13

melatonin

Question 14

what does melatonin do?

Answer 14

monitor cardiac rythym - induce drowsiness and lower core temp

Question 15

what does the adenohyphysis (anterior pituitary) produce

Answer 15

ACTH
FSH
LH
GH
PRL
TSH

Question 16

What does ACTH do?

Answer 16

acetylcoricitropic hormone - stimulates corticosteroid and androgen syntehsis

Question 17

what does FSH do?

Answer 17

stimulated maturation of ovarian follicales and in males stimulate spermatogensis

Question 18

what does LH do

Answer 18

stimulate ovulation and formation of corpus luteum - in males stimulates testostrone systhesis

Question 19

what does GH or somatotrophin do?

Answer 19

stimulate gorwth and cell reproduction - stimulate Insulin like growth factor from liver

Question 20

what does PRL - prolactin do?

Answer 20

stimulates milk synthesis and release from mammary glands

Question 21

what does TSH do? thydroid stimulating hormone

Answer 21

stimulaates thyroxine an dtriiodothyronine syntehsis and release from thrydoid gland
- stimulates iodine release by thyroid

Question 22

what hormones are produced by the thyroid

Answer 22

calcitonin
T3 - triiodothyronine
T4 - Thyroxine

Question 23

what does calcitonin do?

Answer 23

stimulates bone construction and inhibits calcium release from bone - reduced blood calcium

Question 24

what soes T3 release do?

Answer 24

increase basal metabolic rate - promote protein syntehsis

Question 25

what does T4 do?

Answer 25

- acts as a pro-horomone to T3 - increase basal metabolic rate - promtoe protein syntehsisi

Question 26

what hormones does the liver produce

Answer 26

angiostensis - vascoconstriction - release aldosterone from adrenal gland IGF - insulin like growth factor - insuline like effects - regulates cell growth and development

Question 27

what hormones does the pancreas produce

Answer 27

glucagon insuline

Question 28

what does glucagon release do?

Answer 28

promote glycogenolysis and gluconeogeneisis in liver - increases blood glucose level

Question 29

what does insulin ?

Answer 29

- promote intake of glucose, glycogenesis and glycolysis in liver an dmuscle from blod - decrease blood glucose - increase intake fo lipids and syntehsis of triglycerides in adipocytes

Question 30

what hormones does teh adrenal glands produce?

Answer 30

adrenaline aldosterone cortisol noradrenaline

Question 31

what does adrenaline release do? and where is it released from

Answer 31

- adrenal medulla - fight or flight- boost blood supply O2 and glucose to brain, muscles - increase HR, vasodilation, breakdown lipids - dilate pupil - suppress non-emergency fucntions i.e. digestion

Question 32

what does aldosterone do and where is it release

Answer 32

- mineralocorticoid hormone - from adrenal cortex - stimulates sodium and water reaborption in kidneys - increase blood volume and pressure

Question 33

what does cortisol do and where is it released

Answer 33

- glucocorticoid hormone - adrenal cortex - stimulates gluconeogeneisis - fat breakdown inhibits immunological response - and inflammatory response - inhibit protein syntheis

Question 34

what does noradrenaline do and where is it released

Answer 34

- secreted from adrenal medulla - fight or flight repsonse - boost blood supply O2 and glucose to brain and muscles - increase skeletal rediness

Question 35

what hormones does the kidney release

Answer 35

EPO Renin

Question 36

what does EPO do?

Answer 36

stimulate erythrocyte producition

Question 37

what does renin do?

Answer 37

- activates - renin-angiotensis system - converts angiotensinogen to to angiotensin 1 - leads to rise in blood pressure

Question 38

what hormones does the ovaries produce

Answer 38

estradiol progesterone

Question 39

what does estradiol do?

Answer 39

promote formation fo female 2' sex characteristics - increase bone formation, regulate salt and water retention, reduce bowel motitily, protmote lung function, support hormone sensitive breast cancers

Question 40

what does progesterone do ?

Answer 40

- inhibit lactations and onset of laber - inhibit immune response - towards human embryo, increase core temp during ovulation, anti-inflam, prevent endometerial cancer

Question 41

what hormone does the uterus produce

Answer 41

- prolactin - milk production in mammary glands

Question 42

what hormones does the placent produce during pregnancy

Answer 42

- HCG PROGESTERONE

Question 43

What does HCG do? - during pregnancy

Answer 43

- promote maintenance of corpus luteum - beinging of pregnancy - inhibit immune response towards embryo

Question 44

what does progesterone do during pregnancy?

Answer 44

- suppport preg - inhibit immune response ot fetus - decrease smooth msucle contractibility - inhibit lactation and onset of labor - support fetal production of adrenal minerlo and glucocorticosteroids

Question 45

what horomones does the testes prodcue

Answer 45

- testosterone

Question 46

what does testosterone do?

Answer 46

- anabolic and virilizing effects - growth of msucle mass and stregnth - increase bone density - maturation of sex organs - formation of scrotum - deepedning of voice - growth of beard and axillary hair