MOD 3 - COURSE 4 - PT 2

Question 1

What are the conditions of nutrient provided by us?

Answer 1

• lab animal diets = provide protein, carb, lipid, macrominerals to reach nutrient requirments of the species
• approx - 50 dietaru nutrients - required in proper concentration
• should be palatable
• free of contaminants

Question 2

whats the energy requirements of mice and rats

Answer 2

• difference between species, breed, strain, sex, stage of life, microbial status
• they eat the amount of food they need - base don life stage
• fats - most avilable source of energy - when increased - they can meet energy requirement with less vol of foos - so may not have the nutrients need met
• due to body size of the mouse and its higher metabolic rate - more sensitive to energy density of the diet than a rat

Question 3

what percentage of fat required by rats and mouse?

Answer 3

4.5-5% fat to rat
5.5- 9% fat to mouse for optimum growth

Question 4

can you feed rats ad libitum?

Answer 4

no they would get obese - higher motality rates - when fed ad libitum or with high fats diet

Question 5

when lactating/ pregrant - does the fat content need to increase?

Answer 5

• increase - in some strains to as much as 11%

Question 6

what are the protein requirements of rats and mice

Answer 6

• crude range - 14-24% mice - higher levels compared to rats
• 10AA - essentions - some sources = soybean, corn gluten, meat and fish meal
• cereal grains - also contribute

Question 7

what are the vitamins and mineral requirements of rats and mice

Answer 7

• for proper body growth - maintenance, reproduction and health depend on balanced diet - contain all required minerals and vitamins - not balanced - inerations and anatagonisms - can affect utility
• rodents - restricted diet - require supplementation with VITS and MINS

Question 8

what type of diet does guinea pigs need

Answer 8

herbivores

Question 9

what vitamin are essential that guinea pigs need

Answer 9

VITAMIN C

Question 10

what type of eaters are they GUINEA PIGS

Answer 10

• messy eater
• has specific feeding habits
• drop and waste proportion of feed

Question 11

what requirements do guinea pigs have for proteins

Answer 11

• high requirements for AA, balanced die - at least 20% plant origin protein - to meet these requirements - chopped hay - common source of protein

Question 12

how much fiber do guinea pigs need?

Answer 12

• 10-18%
• often met by adding chopped hay to diet

Question 13

why do guinea pigs need vitamin C?

Answer 13

• they lack one enzymes needed to cnvet glucose to vitamin C - commercial feed contains enough vitamin C
• a deficiency of vit C produces scurvy - with clinical signs of anorexia, hemorrhage, pain and opportunistic infections

Question 14

what balance of minerals is needed for guinea pigs and why is it needed?

Answer 14

• calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium
• these minerals regulate acid-base balance - blood pH - an innappropriate balance of these nutrients = assocaited with soft tissue calcificationa nd kidney malfunction

Question 15

guinea pigs, mice and rats are coprophagic - what does this mean?

Answer 15

• they eat fecal pellets directly from the anus

Question 16

why are guinea pigs, mice, rats coprophagic?

Answer 16

• seems to be necessary for optimal health of these species and may increase their intake of some nutrients - i.e. fiber, proteins, B vitamins

Question 17

how should water be provided to guinea pigs? and how much do they consume

Answer 17

• ad libitum
• 100ml/kg/day

Question 18

what food should not be provided to guinea pigs?

Answer 18

rabbit food - lack vitamin C

Question 19

what do domestic rabbits have as diets

Answer 19

• herbivore
• so ingredients should mainly be from plants

Question 20

should rabbits be fed ad libitum

Answer 20

• causes obesity so no

Question 21

how should rabbits been fed

Answer 21

• therefor - the amount of feed offered to the rabbit should be determined according to the weight of animal -
  adults - 50g of feed per dayh

Question 22

at is special amount rabbit stools

Answer 22

• night feaces - soft and covered in thick mucus - animals eat this stool = expelled - often earlt int eh morning - rabbits eat from anus - so rare to see material in a cage pen
• pupose of night feaces - recycle protein, water, B vitamins

Question 23

what nutrients are particular important for rabbits to maintain good gut flora

Answer 23

• high fibre pelleted diet

Question 24

what are rabbits pasrticularly sensitive to?

Answer 24

changes in gut flora- transport stress changes in diet adn other factors induce diarrheal some antibiotics - destroy gut flora - as in guinae pigs and kills rabbits