What is the criteria of a nation state
A nation with its own shared culture and ethnicity ruled by that nationality
What is nationalism
Love and devotion to ones own culture and people
What European nations were nation states by 1815
France, Britain, Prussia , Russia (maybe)
Explain the origin of nationalism
It originated in France because of foreign invasions during the french revolutions
Explain the spread of nationalism in the early 1800s
Spread throughout Europe as France occupies other nations during nap. Wars
What are three ways nationalism can cause change
Unification separation, and nation building
What is unification
Creation of a nation state by combining separate political states of the same nationality and culture
What is an example of unification
Italy and Germany
What is separation
Creation of a nation state by people of the same culture and nationality breaking away from a multicultural political unit
What is an example of separation
Greeks in the Ottoman Empire, french speaking Canadians
What is nation building
Culturally distinct groups form into a new state by accepting a single culture
What is an example of nation (state) building
The United States, turkey
What was the congress of vienna’s purpose
The meeting of leaders of the major nations of Europe discuss politics after the final defeat of napoleon
What was the congress of vienna’s goals
Restore Europe to its pre revolution/napoleon conditions
Prevent future wars and revolutions in Europe
Combat the tide of rising nationalism and liberalism spreading throughout Europe
Who attended the congress of Vienna
Austra- Metternich (prime minister), leader of congress Russia- Alexander 1 (czar) Prussia- Hardenburg (pm) Britain- castlereagh (pm) France- tallegrand (pm)
What were the agreements made at the congress of Vienna
Redraw map of Europe, weaken France, created a system of alliances between the great powers, restore the legitimate rulers to nations invaded by napoleon,
What was the purpose of the Holy Alliance
To aid each other in the event of revolutions in order to maintain monarchies (divine rt)
Who were the members of the Holy Alliance
Russia, Prussia, Austria
What was the purpose of the concert of Europe (quadruple alliance)
To prevent trouble with France
Who were the members of the quadruple alliance
Britain, Prussia, Austria, Russia
What were the beliefs of a conservative
Wanted to protect traditional monarchies of Europe
What were the goals of conservative
Wanted things the way they were before nationalism
What social group was conservative
Wealthy property owners and nobility
What were the beliefs of a liberal
Believed educated and landowners should vote
What was the goal of a liberal
Wanted to give more power to elected parliaments
What was the liberal social group
Middle class business leaders and merchants
What was the belief of a radical
Governments should practice the ideals of the French Revolution. (Liberty, equality, brotherhood )
What was the goal of a radical
To extend democracy to all people
What social group was radical
Poor people, sans culottes
What were the three major euro empires most threatened by nationalism, why
Austria (diverse), ottoman (diverse), Russia (wanted to industrialize, was diverse), possibly France because of wars
Describe Latin America in terms of languages and geography
Map, spoke Spanish, spoke french in Haiti
What are (describe ) the 5 main social classes in Latin a in the 1800s
Peninsulas ( euro born), Creoles ( pure span, born in amer, ), mestizo ( mixed euro and Indian).
Mulattos ( euro, Africa ) Indians and African American
Who was the leader of in the rev in Haiti
Toussaint l’overture
What social class was the leader of Haiti
Slave
What euro nation was overthrown in haitis rev
France
Who was the leader of the rev in southern s amer
Jose San Martin
What social class was the leader of s south amer
Creole
What euro nation was overthrown in s south amer rev
Spain
Who was the leader of the rev in n south amer
Bolivar
What social class was the leader of n south amer
Creole
What euro nation was overthrown in n south amer rev
Spain
Who was the leader of Brazils rev
Dom Pedro
What social class was the leader of Brazils rev
Prince
What euro nation was overthrown in Brazils rev
Portugal
Who were the leaders of mexicos rev
Father hidalgo, Jose Morelos, iturbide,
What social class were the leaders in mex rev
Hidalgo (mestizo) , Morelos (mestizo), iturbide ( creole)
What euro nation was overthrown in mex rev
Spain
Why didn’t dem take hold in Latin amer
Creoles took control (1 rich powerful class replaces another), caudilles took control as dictators (military men), people in la never had experience with democ
What was the purpose and importance of the Monroe doctrine
Purpose: fear euro nations would attempt to re establish colonies in amer, amer believed it should be dominant player in west hemisphere
Importance: us gave itself lead role as protector of west hemisphere
What are the three major movements causing change in 1800s
Nationalism, liberalism, industrialization
Whats industrialization
Growth of industry in nation, economy, modernizing
What radical changes were accomplished in the french revolutions in 1830
Middle class (and nobles ) allowed to vote for a new legislature (chamber of deputies) King forced to share more power with legislature
What were political changes in french rev in 1830
Bourbon overthrown
Louis Philippe king (moderate/liberal)
What were radical and political changes in french rev in 1848
Louis Philippe overthrown
Monarchy replaced by radical democ (universal make suffrage, 2nd republic, soon replaced by limited suffrage)
Louis napoleon Bonaparte elected president
Compare and contrast french rev with the other rev at the time
France successful others not, both have some liberal cause
What changes were made in british govt because of the reform act of 1832
Suffrage to almost all middle class males 2 industrial cities given representation in parl. Demonstrated Britain can make changes peacefully
What was the cause and results of the Crimean war
Started by Russia to take ottomans Black Sea lands (warm water port/access to med sea)
Russia lost
Demonstrated Russia’s lack of modernization
Ended quad alliance
What was the importance of czar Nicholas 1, Alexander 2, and Alexander 3
Nicholas lost Crimean war, alex 2 ended serfdom and was assassinated, alex 3 rolled back liberal reforms, and started a major industrialization program
What is realpolitik
Foreign policy of using diplomacy and war in order to gain nationalistic goals
What are examples of realpolitik
Bismarck with Austria and southern Italy with Sardinia
What was the unifying kingdom of Italy
Sardinia
What realpolitik methods did Italy use
S Italy and Sardinia
Who were the leaders of Italy’s unification
Emmanuel, Cavour, garibaldi
What was the unifying kingdom of Germany
Prussia
What realpolitik methods did Germany use
Used Austria to help in the beginning
Who were the leaders of Germany’s unification
Bismark, wilhelm
What were the results of the Franco Prussian war in Germany
Gained control of provinces Alsace and Lorraine from France
France pays 5 billion francs in war reparations
What were the results of the Franco Prussian war in France
Much of eastern and central France destroyed
French economy weakened
Lois napoleon overthrown in 1875 (replaced by unstable govt)
French people develop a nationalistic hatred toward Germany and visa versa
What was the order of top nations in euro after unification
- Britain
- Prussia (Germany)
- Russia
- France
- Spain
- austria
What is manifest destiny
Belief that it was americans destiny to gain control of all of North America from ocean to ocean, nation building, nationalism
How did manifest destiny affect us in early 1800s
Mistreatment of native Americans
Study territorial gains in 1800s and where their from
On chart
Whats sectionalism
Division and conflict between regions of a nation (usually due to economic differences)
How did new territories cause sectionalism in us during mid 1800s
Each thought the west should either have slaves or not, fought over govt of west
What was the economy and political goals of the north
Diverse economy (farms and industry), felt const. Established union once and for all
What was the economy and political goals of the south
Based on cash crops , believed states freely joined union (so they could freely leave)
What was the underlying cause of the civil war
South felt they could freely leave union and had slaves, north didn’t
What was the immediate cause of the civil war
Lincoln’s election causes southern states to secede
Lincoln opposed spread of slavery into western territories
If slavery could not expand , slave states would be outnumbered in congress and would lose power
What were the results of the civil war
South defeated and placed under military occupation (reconstruction )
The union (nation ) preserved
Much of south destroyed
Lots of Americans died
Demand for war goods cause rapid industrialization and urbanization
Whats the 13th amendment
Abolished slavery
Whats the 14th amendment
Granted newly freed slaves citizenship and equal rts
Whats the 15th amendment
Forbid states from using race as a restriction to vote (guanteed all black male suffrage)
What were the major changes in us in the late 1800s
Immigration (rapid population growth), industrialization, railroads( connect vast new territory and markets, transcontinental railroad links east with west coast and Asian ports)
What are Jim Crow laws, what are their results, whats poll taxes
Segregation laws restricting African Americans , separate black and white society
Taxes on voting and literacy tests trying to keep African Americans from voting
