Flashcards in Unit 3b Test Deck (75)
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1
Main difference between interest group and party?
Parties run candidates, interest groups influence political process
2
- percent of Americans belong to interest groups
75%
3
Most Americans belong to - interest groups
3
4
# of interest groups have - since 1970s
Mushroomed
5
Americans - to be interest group members
Most likely
6
Interest groups have the right to spend money -, what act?
Unlimited, citizens United case
7
PACs may contribute - to campaigns, but may also --
Directly, campaign separately
8
PACs are - source of revenue for most campaigns
Main
9
PACs have to follow ---, but can spend ---
Campaign contribution limits, unlimited amounts campaigning
10
Both PACs and 527s represent - interests and policies
Narrow
11
Both PACs and 527s may --(--)for campaigns, but can't ---
Run ads, (issue ads, coordinate with campaigns
12
527s are --, -- organizations
Tax exempt, nonprofit
13
527s (do not, or do) contribute directly to campaigns
Do not
14
527s have -- FEC regulation
Very little
15
527s have - legal campaigning limits
No
16
What are economic interest groups? (4)
Professional groups, labor unions, agricultural groups, business groups
17
Professional groups are composed of people from -
Professional occupations
18
Economic interest groups are most concerned with - (3)
Wages, prices, profits
19
Labor unions are - in power. They are involved in --
Declining, grassroots electioneering
20
Agricultural groups are most worried about -
Prices
21
What are right to work laws?
Open shop, people don't have to join Union, causes free rider problem, closed shop (everyone required to be in Union) is illegal
22
Largest number of interest groups are - (over -%)
Business groups, over 50%
23
Largest business group
Chamber of commerce of US
24
What are consumer and public interests (3)?
Consumer interests, environmental interests, govt reform interests
25
What are consumer and public interests most concerned with?
Collective goods, free rider problem, foundation grants I
26
What are equality and justice interests?
What do they mainly use?
Equal rights groups, litigation
27
What are examples of equal rights groups?
NAACP, NOW
28
Collective goods:
Something of value automatically enjoyed by everyone, can't be without
29
Free rider problem:
Individual may receive benefits of a good without contributing to cost
30
Types of interest group based on membership?
Institutional interest groups, individual interest groups
31
Institutional interest group examples: (3)
Chamber of commerce of us
National league of cities
National council of education
32
Americans citizens - likely to join - or - interest groups than other democs (political participation)
More likely, political or religious interest groups
33
Electioneering
Actively taking part in campaigns either through grassroots electioneering or through PAC donations
34
Examples of individual interest groups: (5)
AFL-CIO
NAACP
NOW (national organization for women)
Christian coalition
Sierra club
35
Union with closed shop:
Workplace where employees must join unions within specified period if Union has been approved by workers
36
Right to work laws are desired by - to - unions
Businesses, weaken
37
Paid lobbyists are used by - interest groups, but most effective for -- groups
All, institutional interest groups
38
Surprisingly, lobbyists -- bc they are - in a - field
Write legislation, experts in a little field
39
-- are lobbyists successful in changing opinions of policy makers, only good at - opinions of lawmakers who already ---
Very rarely, reinforcing, already agree with them
40
What are the strategies of interest groups? (4) and what branches do they appeal to?
Lobbying (leg and ex), electioneering (leg and ex), litigation (courts), appealing to public (leg and executive)
41
Lobbying appeals - to policy makers
Directly
42
Grassroots campaign work (part of -)
Camp to ppl for candidates, electioneering
43
By giving donations you can get -
Access
44
#1 method
Helping finance campaigns
45
Going public
Working to influence public opinion
46
Class action lawsuit:
Combining several different cases into one to demonstrate stronger case
47
Amicus curiae briefs
Legal argument in lawsuit submitted on behalf of litigant from supporters of case
48
Ratings game:
Grading public officials based on how well they supported the interest groups goals of publicizing results
49
How do interest groups raise money? (4)
Membership dues, philanthropic foundation grants, fed grants and projects, direct mail campaigning
50
- is #1 way of getting money for institutional groups
Membership dues
51
- is important for public interest groups
Philanthropic foundation grants l
52
- is used for public projects of interest groups and was reduced by - administration
Fed grants and projects, Reagan administration
53
What's #1 method of raising money for most groups?
Direct mail campaigning
54
Print media is - as of 2004
#2
55
Print media users are --
Most informed
56
Watchdog function of press
Idea that we depend on press to keep an eye on government
57
Media is strongest of all -- in agenda setting
Linkage institutions
58
What's a filibuster
Stalling a bill with unlimited speech, Senators only
59
Staying on message
Effort by party leaders or administrative officials to repeat the planned same message at every opportunity
60
Coined phrasing
Research to find words or phrases that are most successful to public
61
Gatekeeper role
Agenda setting, even when story is not reported it affects agenda
62
Main roles of media (3)
Gatekeeper role, scorekeepers role, watchdog role
63
The bully pulpit:
President can make speeches covered by media to advance agenda
64
Media replaces - in teen years
Parents
65
- media is regulated much heavier than --
Broadcast media, print media
66
Prior restraint
Govt cannot stop news story before it is published, however can punish afterwards if criminal
67
Telecommunications act of 1996
Broadcast companies can only own 1 radio station and 1 TV station in each local market, can own as many stations nationally as they desire
68
Fairness doctrine
Required broadcasters to give time to opposing views if they broadcast a program giving one side of a controversial issue
69
Communications decency act
(Telecommunications act 1996), illegal to transmit "indecent materials"
70
- percent of campaign budget
Campaign advertising
71
Pres has - organization to regulate Media, -- regulates it
White House pres corps, press secretary
72
First pres to use mass media was - with -
FDR, fireside chats
73
Pres relationship with pres more -, less -
Confrontational, cordial
74
4th branch of government
Media
75
