Chapter 23 Test Flashcards
1
Q
The scandals of the grant administration included bribes and corrupt dealings reaching to the cabinet and Vice President of the us
A
True
2
Q
The liberal republican movements political skill enabled it to clean up the corruption of the grant administration
A
F
3
Q
The severe economic downturn of the 1870s caused business failures, labor conflict, and battles over currency
A
T
4
Q
The close, fiercely contested elections of the guilded age reflected the deep divisions between republicans and democrats over national issues
A
F
5
Q
The battles between the stalwart and halfbreed republican factions were mainly over who would get patronage and spoils
A
T
6
Q
The disputed Hayes Tilden election was settled by a political deal in which democrats got the president and republicans got economic and political concessions
A
F
7
Q
The compromise of 1877 purchased political peace between north and south by sacrificing southern blacks and removing federal troops in the south
A
T
8
Q
The sharecropping and tenant farming systems forced many southern blacks into permanent economic debt and dependency
A
T
9
Q
Ulysses s grants status as a military hero enabled him to become a successful president who stood above partisan politics
A
False
10
Q
Western hostility to Chinese immigrants arose in part because the Chinese provided a source of cheap labor that competed with white workers
A
T
11
Q
By reducing politicians use of patronage, the new civil service system inadvertently made them more dependent on big campaign contributors
A
T
12
Q
The Cleveland Blaine campaign of 1884 was conducted primarily as a debate about the issues of taxes and the tariff
A
F
13
Q
The Republican Party, in the post civil war era, relied heavily on the political support of veterans’ groups, to which it gave substantial pension benefits in return
A
T
14
Q
The populist party’s attempt to form a coalition of farmers and workers failed partly because of the racial division between poor whites and blacks in the south
A
T
15
Q
President clevelands deal to save the gold standard by borrowing 65 million from JP Morgan enhanced his popularity among both democrats and populists
A
F
16
Q
Financiers Jim Fisk and Jay Gould involved the grant administration in a corrupt scheme to
A
Corner the gold market
17
Q
Boss Tweeds widespread corruption was brought to a halt by
A
The journalistic exposés of the New York Times and cartoonist Thomas Nast
18
Q
The credit mobilier scandal involved
A
Railroad corruption fraud and the subsequent bribery of congressmen to cover it up
19
Q
Grants greatest failing in the scandals that plagued his administration was his
A
Toleration of corruption and his loyalty to crooked friends
20
Q
The depression of the 1870s led to increasing demands for
A
Inflation of the money supply by issuing more paper or silver currency
21
Q
The political system of the guided age was generally characterized by
A
Strong party loyalties, high voter turnout, and few disagreements on national issues
22
Q
The primary goal for which all factions in both political parties contended during the guilded age was
A
Patronage
23
Q
The key trade off featured in the compromise of 1877 was that
A
Republicans got the presidency in exchange for the final removal of federal troops from the south
24
Q
What were the changes that affected African Americans in the south after federal troops were withdrawn in the compromise of 1877
A
The imposition of literacy requirements and poll taxes to prevent black voting, the development of the tenant farming and share cropping systems, the introduction of legal systems of racial segregation, the rise of mob lynching as means of suppressing blacks who challenged the racial system
25
The supreme courts ruling in plessy v Ferguson upholding "separate but equal" public facilities in effect legalized
The system of unequal segregation between the races
26
The great railroad strike of 1877 revealed the
Growing threat of class warfare in response to the economic depression of the mid 1870s
27
The final result of the widespread anti Chinese agitation in the west was
A congressional law to prohibit any further Chinese immigration
28
President James Garfield was assassinated by
A mentally unstable disappointed office seeker
29
In its first years, the populist party advocated, among other things
Free silver, a graduated income tax, and government ownership of railroads, telegraph, and telephone
30
Grover Cleveland stirred a furious storm of protest when, in response to the extreme financial crisis of the 1890s, he
Borrowed 65 million dollars from JP Morgan and other bankers in order to save the monetary gold standard
31
The symbol of the Republican political tactic of attacking democrats with reminders of the civil war
Waving the bloody shirt
32
Corrupt construction company whose bribes and payoffs to congressmen and others created a major grant administration scandal
Crédit mobilier
33
Short lived third party of 1872 that attempted to curb Grant administration corruption
Liberal Republican Party
34
Precious metal that soft money advocates demanded be coined again to compensate for the Crime of '73
Silver
35
Soft money third party that polled over a million votes and elected fourteen congressmen in 1878 by advocating inflation
Greenback Labor Party
36
Mark Twains sarcastic name for the post civil war era, which emphasized it's atmosphere of greed and corruption
Gilded age
37
Civil war unions veterans' organization that became a potent political bulwark of the Republican Party in the late 19th century
GAR, Guard Army of the Republic
38
Republican Party faction led by Senator Roscoe Conkling that opposed all attempts at civil service reform
Stalwarts
39
Republican Party faction led by Senator James G Blaine that paid lip service to govt reform while still battling for patronage and spoils
Half breeds
40
The complex political agreement between republicans and democrats that resolved the bitterly disputed election of 1876
Compromise of 1877
41
Asian immigrant group that experienced discrimination on the west coast
Chinese
42
System of choosing federal employees on the basis of merit rather than patronage introduced by the Pendleton act of 1883
Civil Service Commission
43
Sky high republican tariff of 1890 that caused widespread anger among farmers in the 1890s
McKinley tariff
44
Insurgent political party that gained widespread support among farmers in the 1890s
Peoples party or Populists
45
Notorious clause in southern voting laws that exempted from literacy tests and poll taxes anyone whose ancestors had voted in 1860, thereby excluding blacks
Grandfather clause
46
Great military leader whose presidency foundered in corruption and political ineptitude
Ulysses s grant
47
Bold and unprincipled financier whose plot to corner the us gold market nearly succeeded in 1869
Jim Fisk
48
Heavyweight New York political boss whose widespread fraud landed him in jail in 1871
Boss tweed
49
Colorful, eccentric newspaper editor who carried the liberal republican and democratic banners against grant in 1872
Horace Greeley
50
New York prosecutor of boss tweed who later lost in the disputed presidential election of 1876
Samuel Tilden
51
Irish born leader of the anti Chinese movement in California
Denis Kearney
52
Radical populist leader whose early political success turned sour and who then became a vicious racist
Tom Watson
53
Imperious New York senator and leader of the stalwart faction of republicans
Roscoe Conkling
54
Winner of the contested 1876 election who presided over the end of reconstruction and a sharp economic downturn
Rutherford b Hayes
55
Charming but corrupt half breed republican senator and presidential nominee in 1884
James g Blaine
56
President whose assassination after only a few months in office spurred the passage of a civil service law
James Garfield
57
Term for the racial segregation laws imposed in the 1890s
Jim Crow
58
First democratic president since the civil war, defender of laissez fair economics and low tariffs
Grover Cleveland
59
Eloquent young congressman from Nebraska who became the most prominent advocate of free silver in the early 1890s
William Jennings Bryan
60
Enormously wealthy banker whose secret bailout of the federal govt in 1895 aroused fierce public anger
J.P Morgan
61
PUT IN ORDER
1. A bitterly disputed presidential election is resolved by a complex political deal that ends reconstruction in the south
2. Two unscrupulous financiers use corrupt means to manipulate New York gold markets and the U.S treasury
3. A major economic depression causes widespread social unrest and the rise of the populist party as a vehicle of protest
4. Grant administration scandals split the Republican Party, but grant overcomes the inept opposition to win reelection
5. Monetary deflation and the high McKinley tariff lead to growing agitation for free silver by congressmen William Jennings Bryan and others
2, 4, 1, 5, 3
62
Favor seeking businesspeople and corrupt politicians (cause and effect)
Caused numerous scandals during president grants administration
63
The New York Times and cartoonist Thomas Nast
Forced boss tweed out of power and into jail
64
Upright republicans disgust with grant administration scandals
Led to the formation of the liberal Republican Party in 1872
65
The economic crash of the mid 1870s
Causes unemployment, railroad strikes, and a demand for cheap money
66
Local cultural, moral, and religious differences
Created fierce partisan competition and high voter turnouts, even though the parties agreed on most national issues
67
The compromise of 1877 that settled the disputed Hayes-Tilden election
Led to withdrawal of troops from the south and the virtual end of federal efforts to protect black rights there
68
White workers resentment of Chinese labor competition
Caused anti Chinese violence and restrictions against Chinese immigration
69
Public shock at Garfields assassination by Guiteau
Helped ensure passage of the Pendleton act
70
The 1890s depression and the drain of gold from the federal treasury
Induced Grover Cleveland to negotiate a secret loan from JP Morgan's banking syndicate
71
The inability of populist leaders to overcome divisions between white and black farmers
Led to failure of the third party revolt in the south and a growing racial backlash
72
Despite his status as a military hero, general Ulysses S. Grant was proved to be a weak political leader because he
Had no political experience and was a poor judge of character
73
Which political emotion motivated the liberal republican revolt from the regular Republican Party in 1872
Disgust at the corruption and scandals of the grant administration
74
What were the causes of the panic that broke in 1873 in the United States
A ripple effect from similar, simultaneous economic panics in Europe, and the world
The expansion of more factories, railroads, and mines than existing markets could bare
Bank failures resulting from impudent financial loans made by bankers in support of questionable business ventures
The loss of substantial financial investments by speculators in dubious and unsustainable business ventures
75
What was a key result of the republican hard money politics in the mid 1870s
A political turn to the democrats and the new greenback labor party
76
Which development was a critical reason for the extremely high voter turnouts and partisan fervor of the gilded age
Sharp ethnic and cultural differences in the membership of the democrat and republican parties
77
All of the following were among the groups that formed the solid political base of the Republican Party in the late nineteenth century
Union civil war veterans of the grand army of the republic, southern black freedmen, the Midwest, the rural and small town Midwest (no big cities)
78
What political development resulted from the compromise of 1877?
The withdrawal of federal troops and abandonment of black rights in the south
79
At the end of reconstruction, southern whites disfranchised African Americans using all the following strategies
Literacy requirements, poll taxes, economic intimidation, lynching
80
What were causes of labor unrest in the 1870s and 1880s
Reductions in wages by railroad owners and other industrial employees, competition of cheap labor from recently arrived immigrants from China, conflict between ethnic groups for unskilled jobs, years of depression and deflation that undermined workers' living standards
81
All of the following internal developments during the late 19th century in China resulted in Chinese immigration to the United States
The dissentigration of the Chinese empire, severe land shortages, the intrusion of European powers, limited economic opportunity and political turmoil
82
With the passage of the Pendleton act, prohibiting political contributors from many federal workers, politicians increasingly sought money from
Contractors doing business with the federal government, or LARGE CORPORATIONS
83
Grover Cleveland argued for a lower tariff for all of the following reasons
Lower prices for consumers, less protection for monopolies, the end of the Treasury Surplus, the need for smaller government
84
How did the Billion Dollar Congress quickly dispose of rising government surpluses
It expanded pensions for civil war veterans
85
President clevelands response to the depression of the 1890s demonstrated that he
Was unable to deal effectively with such a massive economic crisis
86
The supreme courts decision in plessy v Ferguson solidified African Americans' inferior position by
Establishing the principle of "separate but equal"
87
Grover Clevelands election in 1884 marked a change in nineteenth century American politics for all the following reasons
He was the first democrat elected since James Buchanan in 1856
He was blunt and tactless, following decades of corruption
He was able to narrow the political division between the north and south
He fired many incumbent republicans, creating democratic justice
88
Credit mobilier scandal
A construction company was formed by members of the Union Pacific railroad for the purpose of receiving government contracts to build the railroad at highly inflated prices-and profits. In 1872 a scandal erupted when journalists discovered that the credit mobilier company had bribed congressmen and even the Vice President in order to allow the ruse to continue
89
Panic of 1873
Worldwide depression that began in the United States when the nations largest banks abruptly declared bankruptcy, leading to the collapse of thousands of banks and businesses, crisis intensifies debtor's call inflationary measures such as the printing of more paper money and the unlimited coinage of silver, conflicts over monetary policy greatly influenced politics in the last quarter of the nineteenth century
90
Compromise of 1877
The agreement that finally resolved the 1876 election amid officially ended reconstruction, in exchange for the republican candidate, Rutherford b Hayes, winning the presidency, Hayes agreed to withdraw the last of the federal troops from the former confederate states, this deal effectively completed the southern return to white only, democratic dominated electoral politics
91
Chinese exclusion act (1882)
Federal legislation that prohibited most further Chinese immigration to the United States, first major legal restriction on immigration in US history
92
Pendleton act (1883)
Congressional legislation that established the civil service commission, which granted the federal government jobs on the basis of examination instead of political patronage, thus reigning in the spoils system
93
Homestead strike
A strike at Carnegie steel plant in homestead PA, that ended in an armed battle between the strikers, three hundred armed "Pinkerton" detectives hired by Carnegie, and federal troops, which killed ten people and wounded more than 60, the strike was part of a nationwide wave of unrest in the summer of 1892 that helped the populists gain some support from industrial workers
94
Jay Gould
Jim fisks partner in crime, provided brains
95
Thomas b reed
Harrison's speaker of the house, czar reed, dominated billion dollar congress, counted as present democrats who didn't answer the roll and who denied that they were legally there,
96
William Jennings Bryan
Silverite democratic congressmen who debated with Cleveland over the cause of free silver when Cleveland wanted to repeal Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890
97
President Grant
Party- republican
Event- credit mobilier, tweed ring, panic of 1873, hard money and contraction policy (resumption of metallic money payments), civil rights act
98
Hayes
Party- republican
Events- compromise of 1877
Vocab- stalwarts, mugwumps
99
Garfield
Party- republican
Event- assassination
Vocab- patronage (after assassination)
100
Arthur
Party- republican
| Event- Pendleton act (bc Garfield was shot)
101
Cleveland (1st term)
Party- democrat (1st in a while)
| Event- wants lower tariff
102
Harrison
Party- republican
| Event- billion dollar congress, populists emerge, homestead strike
103
Cleveland (2nd term)
Party- republican
| Event- depression of 1893, repeal of Sherman silver purchase act, JP Morgan deal/scandal
104
Know order of things on timeline...
1. 1860s- political candidates campaign by "waving the bloody shirt"
2. 1871- the boss tweed scandal erupts in New York
3. 1872- the credit mobilier scandal is exposed
4. 1872- grant reelected for president
5. 1873- panic of 1873
6. 1877- comp of 1877 ends contested election of 1876
7. 1880sCrop lien system established
8. 1880s Jim Crow laws begin in south
9. 1881- pres garfield assassinated
10. 1882- Chinese exclusion act
11. 1883- civil rights cases
12. 1883- Pendleton act sets up civil service commission
13. 1884- election of 1884 between James g Blaine and Grover Cleveland
14. 1888- election of 1888
15. 1892- populist party meets for their convention
16. 1893- depression of 1893 begins
17. 1893- repeal of Sherman silver purchase act
18. 1895- JP Morgan's banking syndicate loans 65 million in gold to federal govt
105
Why were political times so prone to political corruption in the post civil war era
Grant allowing corruption to happen, along with favor seekers in White House he allowed scandals of jubilee Jim Fisk and Jay Gould directly working with president to get treasury to stop selling gold just so the two could bid the price higher, and toleration of tweed rings bribery, graft, and fraudulent elections to get as much as 200 million , also allowed credit mobilier scandals, and whiskey ring scandal (robbed treasury in millions in excise tax revenues, got grants response of "let no guilty man escape", yet eventually grant helped exonerate the thief, secretary of war , William belknaps resignation with great regret after he pocketed bribes from suppliers to the Indian reservation)
106
What were the main issues surrounding the election of 1876, did the compromise of 1877 resolve those issues
Issues-
Dem and rep could easily tip teeter totter of other party (bc the majority party switched six times, only three sessions did same party control the senate, house, and White House
Two parties competitive of each other, who should count two sets of returns from the three disputed states?
Compromise of 1877 solved most issues by est electoral commission of men selected from house, senate, and Supreme Court that disputed three states sets of returns
Loss of African American protection of rights from republicans
107
What were the biggest challenges facing post reconstruction south
Concerned Republican Party abandoning commitment to racial equality
Redeemers white democrats) gained control in south, treated blacks cruelly to keep them from voting and because they were racist and could
Sharecropping
Jim Crow laws
Plessy v Ferguson
Biggest challenges are racial and lead to unfair treatment of African Americans
108
What were the main reasons for Chinese immigration in the second half of the nineteenth century
Finding work, from taishan district of K'uang-t'ung (Guangdong ) province in southern China ,
Poor, uneducated, single males
Came to find money (gold) digging in goldfields and sledgehammering the tracks of the transcontinental railroads across the west
Most of gold found and tracks laid, many returned to China with their earnings, some stayed and worked menial jobs as cooks, laundrymen, and domestic servants for cheap
109
What were some of the reasons for the depression of 1893 and how did Cleveland deal with it?
Reasons-
Splurge of overbuilding and speculation, labor disorders, the ongoing agricultural depression, free silver agitation (want to expand money supply with unlimited coinage of silver) damaged American credit abroad, and the depression felt worsened as American finances were pinched when European banking houses beginning to call in loans from the us, endless chain operation of gold (owners of paper currency would exchange it for gold and notes were reissued)
How he dealt with this
Repeal of Sherman silver purchase act of 1890 (alienating democratic silverites and disrupting his party at the very outset of his administration in his debate with congress over the issue)
Turned to JP Morgan, was loaned 65 million dollars in gold (though bankers charged a commission of 7 million dollars) and the bankers agreed to obtain 1/2 of the gold abroad for the treasury
