genetic quiz 4 finals

Question 1

The use of living organisms or substances they produce in
the development of products or processes that are beneficial
to humans.

Answer 1

biotechnology

Question 2

Recombinant methods also enable the introduction of genetic
material into animals and plants, resulting in

Answer 2

genetically
modified organisms (GMOs).

Question 3

an organism that has received genetic
material from a different species

Answer 3

Transgenic organism

Question 4

a gene from one species that is introduced into
another species.

Answer 4

Transgene

Question 5

Recombinant techniques
can improve strains of
microorganisms

Answer 5

USES OF MICROORGANISMS

Question 6

removed
from cattle and pigs.

Answer 6

pancreases

Question 7

Insulin is a hormone composed of two different polypeptide
chains, called the

Answer 7

A and B chains.

Question 8

comprising β-galactosidase and either the A or B
chain.

Answer 8

Fusion protein

Question 9

which
cleaves the fusion protein after a methionine that is found at the
junction between β-galactosidase and the A or B chain.

Answer 9

cyanogen bromide (CNBr),

Question 10

use of living organisms or their products to
alleviate plant diseases or damage from environmental
conditions.

Answer 10

Biological control-

Question 11

prevent disease in several ways.

Answer 11

Biological control agents-

Question 12

are used to compete
effectively against pathogenic strains for nutrients or space.

Answer 12

Nonpathogenic microorganisms

Question 13

to prevent
crown gall disease caused by
Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

Answer 13

Agrobacterium radiobacter

Question 14

produces agrocin 84, a
small-molecule antibiotic that kills A.
tumefaciens.

Answer 14

A. radiobacter

Question 15

contains a plasmid with
genes that encode enzymes responsible for
the synthesis of agrocin 84.

Answer 15

A. radiobacter

Question 16

lethal to many
caterpillars and beetles

Answer 16

Bacillus thuringiensis,

Question 17

use of living organisms or their products
to decrease pollutants in the environment.

Answer 17

Bioremediation-

Question 18

during bioremediation via
microorganisms, enzymes produced by a microorganism
modify a toxic pollutant by altering or transforming its
structure

Answer 18

Biotransformation-

Question 19

in which the toxic pollutant is degraded,
yielding less complex, nontoxic metabolites.

Answer 19

Biodegradation-

Question 20

Another way to alter the toxicity of organic pollutants is

Answer 20

polymerization.

Question 21

aimed at altering the sequence of a gene.

Answer 21

Gene modification-

Question 22

-Cas technology can inactivate a gene by introducing
a deletion in it. It can alter a gene sequence by introducing a
specific mutation, such as a missense mutation, into a gene.

Answer 22

CRISPR

Question 23

involves the insertion of a cloned gene into a
genome

Answer 23

Gene addition-

Question 24

in which a gene of interest
has been inserted into a particular
site

Answer 24

gene
knockin

Question 25

is a brand of transgenic zebrafish (Danio rerio) that glows

Answer 25

GloFish

Question 26

A growing area of biotechnology research focuses on the production of medically important proteins in the mammary glands of livestock

Answer 26

Molecular pharming-

Question 27

the promoter for a milk-specific gene is linked to the coding sequence for the human gene

Answer 27

GENETICALLY MODIFIED ANIMALS

Question 28

is then injected into an oocyte,

Answer 28

DNA

Question 29

is then implanted into the uterus of a female animal,

Answer 29

fertilized oocyte

Question 30

- methods that produce two or more genetically identical individuals. This happens occasionally in nature; identical twins are genetic clones that began from the same fertilized egg.

Answer 30

Reproductive cloning

Question 31

- supply the various kinds of cells that construct our bodies from a fertilized egg.

Answer 31

Stem cells

Question 32

fertilized egg is considered

Answer 32

totipotent

Question 33

are found in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst.

Answer 33

Embryonic stem cells (ES cells)-

Question 34

is the stage of embryonic development prior to uterine implantation

Answer 34

blastocyst

Question 35

, which means they can differentiate into all or almost every cell type of the body.

Answer 35

pluripotent

Question 36

the introduction of cloned genes into

Answer 36

Gene therapy-

Question 37

as nonviral and viral gene transfer methods.

Answer 37

HUMAN GENE THERAPY

Question 38

, which are lipid vesicles.

Answer 38

liposomes

Question 39

A second way to transfer genes into human cells

Answer 39

viruses.

Question 40

Commonly used viruses for gene therapy include

Answer 40

retroviruses, adenoviruses, and parvoviruses.